ISO22000认证应用，欧美等发达国家加强食品安全管理做法及启示
ISO22000 certification application, Euramerican wait for a developed country to strengthen food safety management practice and Enlightenment
近些年来, 国内外食品卫生安全问题突出, 已经成为一个全球性的热点问题。在长期的食品卫生安全管理中,欧美等发达国家积累了许多卓有成效的做法, 在许多方面值得学习与借鉴。
In recent years, domestic and foreign food safety problems, has become a global issue. In the long-term management of food safety in developed countries such as Europe and America, accumulated a lot of very fruitful practice, in many ways it is worth learning and reference.
一、欧美等发达国家加强食品卫生安全管理的做法
A, Europe and the United States and other developed countries to strengthen food safety and hygiene management practices
1. 源头抓起、全程监管  食品生产、加工、包装、储运、销售等环节都可能引起食品卫生安全问题。在对食品卫生安全管理中, 欧美等发达国家提出了“从农场到餐桌”源头抓起、全程监管的理念。
1 source, full supervision of food production, processing, packaging, transportation, sales and other links are likely to cause food safety problems. On the management of food safety in developed countries such as Europe and America, put forward" from farm to table" fountainhead grabs, full regulatory philosophy.
2000 年, 欧盟公布了《欧盟食品安全》白皮书, 提出以控制“从农场到餐桌”的全过程为基础对食品卫生安全进行监管, 要求从食品生产的初始阶段就必须符合食品卫生安全标准。从2006 年1 月1 日起, 欧盟又实施了新的食品卫生法规。新法规突出强调食品“从农场到餐桌”的全过程控制管理, 对食品从原料到成品储存、运输以及销售等环节提出了具体明确的要求。1997 年1 月, 美国总统宣布了食品安全行动计划, 农业部、卫生与公众服务部及环境保护局于1997 年5 月共同起草了一份题为“从农场到餐桌的食品安全” 的倡议报告。2003 年5 月16日, 日本参议院通过了《食品安全基本法》草案, 规定要以消费者至上为原则, 以科学方法进行风险评估, 实现“从农场到餐桌”全程质量监控。
In 2000, the EU announced the" food safety" white paper, put forward to control the" from farm to table" whole process based on food safety supervision, from the initial stage of food production must conform to the safety standards of food hygiene. From January 1, 2006 onwards, the EU has implemented a new food hygiene regulations. The new regulations highlighting food" from farm to table" whole process control and management, to food from raw material to finished product storage, transportation and marketing aspects of the specific requirements. In 1997 January, the president of the United States announced the food safety action plan, the Ministry of agriculture, Department of health and human services and the Environmental Protection Bureau in 1997 May jointly drafted a report entitled" from farm to table food safety" initiative report. On May 16, 2003, the Senate passed the" food safety law" draft, provided to the consumer for the principle of supremacy, scientific methods for risk assessment, implementation "from farm to table" full quality control.
2. 完善法规、严格标准  经过上百年的建设, 欧美等发达国家关于食品卫生安全的法律法规和标准体系不断完善, 严格的法律法规和科学的行业标准为保证食品卫生安全发挥了重要的作用。
2 perfect laws and regulations, strict standards after hundreds of years of construction, the developed countries of Europe and America about food safety and health laws and regulations and standard system of continuous improvement, strict laws and regulations and scientific industry standards to ensure food hygiene and safety play a very important role.
100 年前, 美国的食品卫生安全问题十分严重。1906年, 美国国会通过了《食品药品法》和《肉类制品监督法》, 使食品卫生安全监管开始走上法制化的轨道。经过不断完善, 目前, 食品卫生安全方面的联邦法律法规已经有35 部, 特别是在动物及动物产品方面的法律法规非常详细具体, 并将这些法律法规独立成卷为《联邦法典》第9 卷“动物及动物产品”, 共收集了近100 个动物卫生法规, 条款达5 000 多条, 文字上百万。法律法规体系完善, 配套性强; 法规多是由企业提出并推动, 可操作性强; 法规由专家制定, 科学性强; 法规可以在短期内修正, 及时性强。1996 年, 美国农业部食品检验署颁布了《美国肉禽食品检验新法规》, 强调以预防为主, 实行生产全过程监控。同年, 美国农业部食品检验署颁布了《美国肉禽屠宰加工厂( 场) 食品安全管理新法规》, 以提高肉禽制品的安全程度。同时建立以HACCP 为基础的加工控制系统与微生物检测规范、致病菌减少操作规范及卫生标准操作规范等法规的组合应用。美国新法规强调预防为主, 实行全过程的监控。
100 years ago, the United States food safety problem is very serious. In 1906, the United States Congress passed the" food and drug law" and" meat products supervision and law", make the supervision of food hygiene safety started a legal track. Through continuous improvement, at present, food hygiene and safety aspects of federal laws and regulations have 35, especially in animals and animal products in terms of laws and regulations in great detail, and the laws and regulations of independent volumes for the" Federal Code" volume ninth" animal and animal product", collecting a total of nearly 100 animal health regulations, provisions reached more than 5000 millions, text. Laws and regulations system, supporting strong; and regulations is by the enterprise put forward and, strong operability; regulations formulated by an expert, scientific sex is strong; and regulations can be in short-term inside correction, timeliness strong. In 1996, the United States Department of agriculture food inspection agency issued the" American poultry food inspection new regulations", emphasize prevention-oriented, implementation of the entire process of production control. The same year, the United States Department of agriculture food inspection agency issued the" American poultry slaughtering plant ( field ) food safety management regulations", to improve the safety of meat products. At the same time the establishment of HACCP based control system for processing and microbial testing specification, pathogen reduction operation specification and standard operation specification and combined application of. The United States of America new regulations emphasize prevention, execute whole process monitoring.