企业如何正确看待SA8000认证标准
Enterprise how to correctly treat the SA8000 certification standards
　　劳工标准与国际贸易的关系问题正日益成为国际贸易摩擦的焦点。发达国家认为，发展中国家较低的劳工标准使发达国家的产品在成本价格和贸易竞争中处于不利的地位，应该将劳工标准要求纳入各种双边和多边贸易体系中。在这种背景下，总部设在美国的社会责任国际(SAI，Social Accountability International)于1997年发起并联合欧美跨国公司和其他国际组织，制定了SA8000社会责任国际标准(Social Accountability 8000 International Standard)。这个认证制度隐含了诸多的商业目的，其理论基础是“劳动力倾销论”。
Labor standard and international trade relations are increasingly becoming the focus of international trade friction. The developed countries, developing countries with lower labour standards for rich countries to make products at cost price and trade competition at a disadvantage, labor standards should be incorporated into a variety of bilateral and multilateral trade system. In this context, is headquartered in the United States of America Social Accountability International ( SAI, Social Accountability International ) was launched in 1997 and the joint European and American multinational corporations and other international organizations, to establish the SA8000 standard of social responsibility international ( Social Accountability 8000 International Standard ). This certification system contains many commercial purposes, its theory foundation is" labor dumping on".
发展中国家担心把劳工标准与国际贸易直接挂钩或滥用可能会导致非贸易壁垒，削弱本国企业国际竞争能力。中国作为劳动密集型产品出口的贸易大国，出口市场主要集中在欧美和日本等发达国家，受劳工标准的影响比较明显。在笔者看来，假如将SA8000的含义进一步延展，则大可细化成劳动住宿标准、膳食营养标准、工资购买力标准、生产设备标准等等，SA8000在我国的逐步推行将不断推动我国出口成本的大幅上涨。而受约束的主要是服装、制鞋、化工原料、纺织品等行业。近期内将可直接影响到跨国公司的在华采购，未经认证的中国企业将失去订单。预计2004年将有85%的中国生产制造企业遭受由实施SA8000标准带来的直接或间接消极影响。另据美国相关商会组织调查，目前有超过50%的跨国公司和外资企业表示，他们将重新依据SA8000标准与中国企业签订新的采购合同。
Developing countries worry about the labor standards and international trade directly linked to or abuse may lead to trade barriers, to undermine their capacity of enterprise international competition. China as a labor intensive products export trade, export market mainly concentrated in Europe and the United States and Japan and other developed countries, by the labor standard more obvious influence. In the opinion of the author, if the meaning of SA8000 further extension, it can be refined into the labor standard of accommodation, meals nutritional standards, purchasing power of wage standards, production equipment standard and so on, SA8000 implemented step by step in China will continue to promote the export of our country to increase substantially the cost. While the bound is mainly clothing, footwear, chemicals, textiles and other industries. The near future will directly affect the multinational companies in China procurement, unauthorized Chinese enterprises will lose their orders. Is expected in 2004 will have 85% Chinese manufacturing enterprises suffer from the implementation of SA8000 standard brings direct or indirect negative effects. According to the American Chamber of Commerce survey related organization, currently has more than 50% multinational companies and foreign-funded enterprises, they will be based on the SA8000 standard and Chinese company to sign a new contract.
　　笔者认为，对SA8000标准要进行具体分析，简单地肯定或者否定都不可能得出正确的结论。这涉及正确认识国际劳工标准的一致性和不同发展水平国家达到标准的阶段性。SA8000标准包括9大部分，涉及不使用童工、不强迫劳动、健康与安全、结社自由和谈判权利、不歧视、不使用惩戒性措施、遵守劳动时间、工资报酬、管理评审和监控等领域的内容。这有质的规定性，体现了对劳动者基本人权和尊严的保护。违反之则构成了“劳动力产品倾销”。但应考虑到劳工标准的很多具体指标在不同发展水平的国家具有不同的界定。制定最低工资标准的依据，一是维持劳动者以及家庭基本生活水平所必需的货币量；二是物价水平或者说货币购买水平;三是劳动者所从事劳动对社会的贡献量；四是国家综合发展实力。应该说，我国制定的最低工资标准，在国内相对较低的物价水平下，其实际购买力完全可以满足劳动者的基本生活需求，而不能单纯从名义工资对比的角度认定我国的出口产品属于“劳动力产品倾销”。
The author thinks, should make a concrete analysis of SA8000 standard, simple affirmation or negation is not possible to draw a correct conclusion. This relates to a correct understanding of international labor standards and the consistency of the different levels of development of countries reach the standard stage. The SA8000 standard includes 9 parts, relates not to use child labour, forced labor, health and safety, freedom of association and bargaining rights, non-discrimination, without the use of disciplinary measures, to comply with labor time, salary, management review and monitoring fields. The qualitative formulary sex, reflected on the workers' basic human rights and dignity of the protection. Violation constitutes a " labor product dumping". But should take into account the labor standard lot specific targets in the different levels of development of countries with different definitions. Set minimum wage standard basis, one is to support workers and family lives basically level necessary for monetary amount; two is the price level or currency purchase level; three is the workers engaged in labor contribution to society; four is the national comprehensive development strength. Should say, our country make minimum wage standard, at relatively low prices, the real purchasing power can completely meet the workers basic life demand, and not simply from the nominal wage comparative perspective that China's export products belong to" labor product dumping".