有机产品认证 美国农业部有机食品是否始终是最健康的选择?
Organic product certification USA USDA organic food is always is the most healthy choice?
据美国农业部的统计，过去20年来，消费者每年的有机食品和饮料开支从10亿美元左右增长至280亿美元。但有机是如何定义的?有机食品是否始终是最健康的选择?
According to statistics America Department of agriculture, the past 20 years, consumers in each of the organic food and beverage costs from $1000000000 to $28000000000 or so growth. But organic is how to define? Whether organic food is always the most healthy choice?

1.如果某种产品被标注为有机，那么它就没有接触过除草剂和杀虫剂
1 if a product is labeled as organic, it did not contact herbicides and pesticides
只有“100%有机”的标签才能保证美国农业部对有机的定义。这意味着蛋类和乳制品没有接触抗生素和生长激素;农产品生长过程中使用的肥料不含人造或污水成分;产品中不含转基因有机物。但这一标签未必意味着完全没有除草剂或杀虫剂。
Only "100% organic" label to ensure American Ministry of agriculture organic definition. This means that the eggs and dairy products have no contact with antibiotics and growth hormones; the use of agricultural products in the process of growth of the fertilizer contains no artificial ingredients or wastewater; organic compounds containing no transgenic products. But the label does not necessarily mean no herbicides or pesticides.
对于贴有美国农业部“有机”标签的产品，只有95%的成分必须是有机的。生产商可以对食品添加约200种非有机物质，而不会牺牲食品的有机属性。而这5%的非有机成分可能喷有除草剂和杀虫剂。其余的95%可能接触美国农业部批准的生物或植物防虫剂——甚至是一系列对杂草和害虫有毒、但据称对人类无害的可以添加的化学成分。
With the Ministry of agriculture for America "organic" label products, only 95% of the components must be organic. Producers of food can add about 200 non organic substances, without sacrificing the organic attributes of food. And non organic ingredients of this 5% may be sprayed with herbicides and pesticides. The remaining 95% may contact USA approval of the Ministry of agriculture biological or plant pest control agents -- even a series of but allegedly can add the chemical composition of harmless to humans, the poisonous weeds and pests.
2.有机食品对人体更有益
2 organic food is more beneficial to the body
如果有机食品相对不含大多数除草剂和杀虫剂，那么认为有机食品更健康就是符合逻辑的。传统食品中此类有毒物质的残留据信不会对人类健康构成危险，但由于它们能杀害杂草和害虫——并在人体中积聚——因此避免食用此类化学物质是明智的。
If organic food is relatively free of most herbicides and pesticides, so that organic food is healthier is logical. Residues of such toxic substances in traditional foods according to the letter does not pose a risk to human health, but because they can kill weeds and pests -- and accumulate in the human body -- so as to avoid eating this kind of chemical is wise.
有机食品是否营养价值更高则是另一个问题。虽然美国儿科学会表示，有机食品中杀虫剂含量较低能降低摄入耐药细菌的风险，但“从长远来看，目前没有直接证据表明有机饮食能改善健康或降低患病风险”。
Organic food is more nutritious is another question. Although USA academy says, organic food with lower energy intake of pesticide content to reduce the risk of drug resistant bacteria, but "in the long run, there is no direct evidence that organic diet can improve health or reduce the risk of".
3.有机食品更环保
3 organic food more environmentally friendly
毋庸置疑，不给农田施加杀虫剂更有益于环境。有机耕作的其他方面，如轮作和定期休耕，也对环境有利。不过，仅仅由于食品是有机的并不意味着其生产和运输必定有利于环境。考虑一下来自玻利维亚的一罐有机黑豆、一袋来自中国的有机大米或一盒来自亚美尼亚的有机杏。将这些产品运输到你附近的杂货店产生的碳足迹比运送本地产品要多得多。
Needless to say, do not give the farmland applied pesticides is more beneficial to the environment. Other aspects of organic farming, such as crop rotation and fallow also regularly, beneficial to the environment. However, just because the food is organic does not mean that the production and transportation must be conducive to environmental. Think of it as a organic rice a tank from Bolivia organic black beans, a bag or a box from Chinese from Armenia organic apricot. These products will be transported to your grocery store produce carbon footprint than delivery of local products.
此外，将自然栖息地转变为大片耕地会伤害当地动植物群。
In addition, the natural habitat into large areas of farmland will hurt the local flora and fauna.
4.标注为有机的产品接受过检查，能够确保其纯正性
4 labeled as organic products received the check, to ensure the purity of the
有机产品的检查过程往往是粗略的，而且常常存在不连贯性和潜在的利益冲突。声称生产有机产品的农场和食品生产商每年至少经第三方检查一次。严格的检查既包括简单地查阅日常文件和到田间走访，也包括与农场主、工人、加工者和运输者进行详细面谈等。接受检查的农场主和食品加工者为争取获得通过的机会，向认证机构支付报酬。各认证机构也相互争抢生意。因此，如果检查严格，农场主可能转而选择与较宽松的认证机构合作。
Check the process of organic products are often rough, and often there is no coherence and potential conflicts of interest. Claims that the production of organic farm and food producers at least annually by the third party inspection once. Strict inspection includes not only the simple access to documents and field visits to the daily, including farmers, workers, and processors and transportation were detailed interviews etc.. Accept the inspection of the farmers and food processors for obtained by chance, the payment of remuneration to the certification institution. The certification body also vying with each other for business. Therefore, if the strict inspection, the farmer could instead choose to cooperate with the certification body loose.
5.标注为有机的进口产品符合美国标准
5 labeled as organic imported products with USA standard
贴有美国农业部有机标签的产自美国之外的食品本应符合美国标准，但国内认证面临的问题在进口食品方面更加严重。第三方认证机构的雇员很少前往海外进行检查。相反，这些认证机构与在食品来源国开展业务的当地公司联系。检查链如此延长增加了欺诈和检查不严格的机会，当食品进口自乌克兰和哈萨克斯坦等腐败猖獗的国家时情况尤甚。不符合美国有机标准的食品也能通过监管不严的第三国进入美国。
With USA USDA organic label produced outside of the American food should meet the American standard, but more serious domestic certification face problems in imported food. Third party certification agency employees rarely travelled overseas for inspection. On the contrary, the certification body to contact the local company and business in the food source country. Check the chain so prolonged increases the chance of fraud and check is not strict, while food imports from Ukraine and Kazakhstan and other countries particularly rampant corruption. Not in conformity with the organic standards USA food can also through a third country lax regulation of entry USA.
有机产品认证 美国农业部有机食品是否始终是最健康的选择?
Organic product certification USA USDA organic food is always is the most healthy choice?