现代管理体系的理论依据是什么？

What is the theoretical basis of modern management system?

现代管理体系的理论依据主要来自以泰勒为代表的“科学管理理论”、法约尔为代表的“一般管理理论”及“组织行为学理论“。

The theoretical basis of modern management system mainly comes from Taylor's "scientific management theory", Fayol's "general management theory" and "organizational behavior theory".

一、科学管理理论

1、 Scientific management theory

1911年泰勒出版了《科学管理原理》，该书的内容在全世界范围内被管理者所接受，他的管理原则包含以下四步：

In 1911, Taylor published principles of scientific management, whose contents were accepted by managers all over the world

1、为每项工作的每一组成要素开发一种科学的管理方法，以代替陈旧的经验方法；

1. Develop a scientific management method for each component of each work to replace the old experience method;

2、科学地挑选、培训、教导和培养工人；

2. Scientifically select, train, teach and train workers;

3、与工人合作，确保所有的工作都按业已形成的科学原则完成；

3. Work with workers to ensure that all work is done in accordance with established scientific principles;

4、在管理者与工人之间尽量相等地划分工作和职责。管理者承担自己比工人更胜任的全部工作。

4. Divide work and responsibilities equally between managers and workers. Managers take on all the jobs that they are more competent than workers.

二、一般管理理论

2、 General management theory

法约尔首先确定了管理者的5种职能，计划、组织、指挥、协调及控制。他认为管理是一种普遍存在于所有企业、政府乃至家庭的活动，这种观点使他提出了14条管理原则，可以应用于所有的组织环境。

Fayol first defined the five functions of the manager: planning, organization, command, coordination and control. He believes that management is a common activity in all enterprises, governments and even families. This view leads him to put forward 14 management principles, which can be applied to all organizational environments.

三、组织行为学

3、 Organizational behavior

对工作中的人的行为进行研究，这个研究领域被称作组织行为学。管理者在管理员工时，他们所做的很多事情——激励、领导、信任、团队工作、冲突管理等，都来自组织行为性的研究。

The study of people's behavior at work is called organizational behavior. When managers manage employees, many of the things they do - motivation, leadership, trust, team work, conflict management, etc., all come from the research of organizational behavior.

四、总结

4、 Summary

尽管萌发很多新的现代管理理论，如权变理论、系统理论等，但他们的理论基础仍然来自早期的“科学管理理论|”、“一般管理理论”及“组织行为学理论”。

Although there are many new modern management theories, such as contingency theory and system theory, their theoretical basis still comes from the early "scientific management theory", "general management theory" and "organizational behavior theory".