OHSAS18000认证风险
OHSAS18000 certification risk
　　众所周知，在人们的工作活动或工作环境中，总是存在这样那样潜在的危险源，可能会损坏财物、危害环境、影响人体健康，甚至造成伤害事故。这些危险源有化学的、物理的、生物的、人体工效和其他种类的。人们将某一或某些危险引发事故的可能性和其可能造成的后果称之为风险。风险可用发生机率、危害范围、损失大小等指标来评定。现代职业安全卫生管理的对象就是职业安全卫生风险。
As everyone knows, in the work or the work environment, there is always such a source of potential danger, may damage to property, harm the environment, affect human health, or even cause injury accidents. These hazards have chemical, physical, biological, and other types of human ergonomics. There will be one or some dangerous accident probability and its potential consequences called risk. Risk probability, damage range, can be used as indexes to evaluate the loss size. The modern occupation safety and health management is the object of occupation safety and health risk.
　　风险引发事故造成的损失是各种各样的，一般分为以下几方面：
Risk the loss caused by accidents is various, generally divided into the following several aspects:
　　(l) 职工本人及其他人的生命伤害；
( L ) the employee and the lives of others;
　　(2) 职工本人及其他人的健康伤害(包括心理伤害)；
( 2) the workers I and others health damage ( including psychological damage );
　　(3) 资料、设备设施的损坏、损失(包括一定时期内或长时间无法正常工作的损失)；
( 3) information, equipment and facilities, the loss ( including damage within a certain period of time or a long time not work loss );
　　(4) 处理事故的费用(包括停工停产、事故调查及其他间接费用)；
( 4) to deal with the accident costs ( including shutdown stop production, accident investigation and other indirect costs );
　　(5) 企业、职工经济负担的增加；
( 5) enterprises, workers and increase the economic burden;
　　(6) 职工本人及其他人的家庭、朋友、社会的精神、心理、经济伤害和损失；
( 6) workers and others I family, friends, community spirit, psychological, economic damage and loss;
　　(7) 政府、行业、社会舆论的批评和指责；
( 7) the government, industry, social criticism and accusations;
　　(8) 法律追究和新闻曝光引起的企业形象伤害；
( 8) law and press exposure caused by corporate image;
　　(9) 投资方或金融部门的信心丧失；
( 9) the investor or the financial sector 's loss of confidence;
　　(10) 企业信誉的伤害、损失，商业机会的损失；
( 10) corporate reputation damage, loss, loss of business opportunities;
　　(ll) 产品的市场竞争力下降；
( LL ) the competitiveness of products in the market decline;
　　(12) 职工本人和其他人的埋怨、牢骚、批评等。
( 12) the workers I and other people complain, complain, criticize.
　　职业安全卫生事故损失包括直接损失和间接损失，损失的耗费远远超过医疗护理和疾病赔偿的费用，也就是说间接损失一般远远大于直接损失。
Occupation health and safety accidents include both direct and indirect losses, loss of cost far more than medical care and disease compensation costs, that is to say the indirect loss is generally much greater than the direct loss.
　　风险引发事故造成损失的因素有两类：个人因素和工作／系统因素。
Risk of accidents caused by loss of factors in two categories: personal factors and work / system factors.
　　其中个人因素包括：
The individual factors include:
　　体能／生理结构能力不足，例如身高、体重、伸展不足，对物质敏感或有过敏症等；
Physical / physiological structure of ability inadequacy, such as height, weight, lack of stretch, sensitive or allergic;
　　思维／心理能力不足，例如理解能力不足，判断不良，方向感不良等；
Thinking / mental ability inadequacy, such as lack of understand, judge the poor, poor sense of direction;
　　生理压力，例如感官过度负荷而疲劳，接触极端的温度，氧气不足等；
Physiological stress, such as sensory overload and fatigue, exposure to extreme temperature, oxygen deficiency;
　　思维或心理压力，例如感情过度负荷，要求极端集中力／注意力等；
Thinking or psychological stress, such as excessive feelings of load, requiring extreme concentration / attention;
　　缺乏知识，例如训练不足，误解指示等；
Lack of knowledge, such as inadequate training, misunderstanding of instructions such as;
　　缺乏技能，例如实习不足；
Lack of skills, such as lack of practice;
　　不正确的驱动力，例如不适当的同事竞争等。
Incorrect drive, such as improper competition and other colleagues.
　　工作／系统因素包括：指导／监督不足，例如委派责任不清楚或冲突，权利下放不足，政策、程序、作业方式或指引给予不足等；
Work / system factors include: instruction / supervision, such as delegating responsibilities unclear or conflicting, decentralization, policies, procedures, practices or guidelines give insufficient;
　　工程设计不足，例如人的因素／人类工效学考虑不足，运行准备不足等；