国外食品包装HACCP/ISO22000认证贸易壁垒的新变化及对策
Foreign food packaging HACCP / ISO22000 certification trade barriers for new changes and Countermeasures
在国外，食品包装安全与食品质量安全同等重要。为保障食品安全，世界各国不仅对食品本身的质量提出了越来越严格的卫生要求，同时对其包装也制定了很高的标准，提出了严格的要求，有些要求已成为目前一些发达国家实施技术性贸易壁垒的手段之一。
In foreign countries, the safety of food packaging and food quality and safety are equally important. In order to ensure food safety, the world is not only the quality of the food itself put forward more and more strict hygiene requirements, the packaging has also developed a very high standard, put forward strict requirements, requirement that has become the present some developed countries the implementation of technical barriers to trade one of the means.
　　食品包装主要包括塑料袋、纸袋、铝箔袋、玻璃瓶、陶瓷瓶、马口铁罐、塑料薄膜等内包装及材料，以及纸箱、塑料桶、钢桶等外包装及材料，这些包装材料中的有害成分都可能因为超标影响食品质量，损害人体健康。我国食品出口的主要国家有美国、日本和欧盟等，这些国家近期对进口食品包装相继出台了一系列技术法规和措施，加强了对进口食品包装安全的管理。
Food packaging plastic bags, paper bags, including aluminum foil bags, bottles, porcelain bottles, tin cans, plastic film and other packaging and materials, and cardboard boxes, plastic barrels, drums and other packaging materials and packaging materials, the harmful components in May as a standard affect food quality, damage to human health. China's food exports mainly to countries in the United States, Japan and the European Union, the country of import food packaging has successively promulgated a series of technical regulations and measures, strengthen the import of food packaging safety management.
　　国际标准化组织：2009年8月，国际标准化组织ISO在HACCP安全管理体系标准的基础上,制定了《食品(包装)安全管理体系-对食品链中任何组织的要求》(ISO22000)。ISO22000是一个自愿采用的国际标准，是食品安全管理体系的新标准，明确了食品安全管理中的共性要求，它旨在确保食品供应链中没有薄弱的链接，覆盖了食品链全过程，即种植、养殖、初级加工、生产制造、分销，一直到消费者使用，其中也包括餐饮。该标准对全球食品安全管理体系提出了一个统一标准，并促使全球的企业以更加简单、一致的方式实施HACCP。
ISO: International Organization for Standardization in 2009 August, ISO in HACCP safety management system based on the standard, developed a" food ( packaging ) and safety management system - Requirements for any organization in the food chain" ( ISO22000 ). ISO22000 is a voluntary international standards, is a food safety management system of the new standards, clear food safety management of common requirements, it is intended to ensure that the food supply chain does not have a weak link, cover the whole process of food chain, is the cultivation, breeding, processing, manufacturing, primary distribution, up to the consumer use, including food and beverage. The standard on the global food safety management system put forward a unified standard, and promote global enterprises with a more simple, consistent way to implement HACCP.
　　欧盟：针对印刷油墨应用于几乎所有的食品包装，但其含有重金属、残留溶剂、有机挥发物以及多环芳烃等大量有毒有害化学物质，可通过化学迁移对食品内容物造成污染，其中苯类残留对人的危害极大，易引起癌症一类疾病，欧盟制定了食品包装印刷油墨最大迁移值，规定食品包装印刷油墨材料中的4-甲基二苯甲酮及二苯甲酮的总迁移极限值必须低于0.6毫克/公斤。目前国际上对印刷油墨的极限值、允许或禁用的内含物质和评定方法尚未建立共识标准，我国在该方面的法规也处于真空状态。
The European Union: the printing ink is applied to almost all of the food packaging, but it contains heavy metals, solvents, organic volatile compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a lot of toxic and hazardous chemicals, through chemical transfer on food contents caused by pollution, including benzene residue on the harm is great, easy to cause diseases such as cancer, European Union food packaging printing ink maximum mobility values, the requirement for food packaging printing ink material of 4 methyl two phenyl methyl ketone benzophenone and two overall migration limit value must be less than 0.6 mg / kg. The current international on printing ink limit values, to allow or disallow the contents and assessment method has not yet been established consensus standards, the regulation also is in a vacuum state.
　　欧美：因有机化工原料双酚A(BPA)可能导致人类心脏、肝脏等多种疾病，美国要求食品和药物管理局在2009年12月31日以前评估双酚A的风险，该国各州将逐步禁止食品和饮品容器中含有该物质。继美国、加拿大宣布禁止在食品包装及接触材料中使用双酚A后，法国议会议员也联名提出议案，要求禁止在食品包装及接触材料中使用双酚A。
Europe and the United States: because the organic chemical raw materials of bisphenol A ( BPA ) may lead to the human heart, liver and other diseases, the United States Food and Drug Administration in December 31, 2009 before the risk assessment of bisphenol A, the country's state will gradually ban the food and beverage container containing the material. Following the United States, Canada announced that prohibited in food packaging and materials in contact with the use of bisphenol A, the French parliament also jointly forward motion, called for a ban on food packaging and contact materials used in bisphenol A.