质量管理与认证　德国质量管理制度介绍
Quality management and certification of quality management system in Germany
严格的管理制度使德国产品成为质量和信誉的代名词
Strict management system so that product quality and credibility of Germany became the pronoun
    奔驰、宝马、博世、西门子……这一系列的德国品牌，不仅世界知名，而且无一不是品质的保证。德国制造为何质量那么好，原因有很多。然而归根结底还是依靠严格的质量管理制度，使“德国制造”长盛不衰，享誉世界。
Benz, BMW, Siemens, bosch ... ... This a series of the German brand, not only the world, but no one is not a guarantee of quality. Made in Germany why quality is so good, there are many reasons. However, in the final analysis is to rely on strict quality management system, so that the " made in Germany" focused, is famous in the world.
完善的管理体系
Perfect management system
    当然，德国产品质量信誉的背后，依靠的绝不仅仅是发现质量问题后的召回制度，更重要的是德国在加强出口产品安全管理方面所依赖的一整套管理机构、法律法规、行业标准以及质量认证等制度体系。
Of course, the German product quality reputation behind, depend on not only is found quality problems after the recall system, is more important to Germany in strengthening the export products safety management relies on a set of management mechanism, laws and regulations, industry standards and the quality certification system.
    目前德国工业产品中有一半销往国外，全国近1/3的就业岗位都来源于出口行业，德国经济是典型的出口导向型经济，出口管理部门在政府机构中占有重要位置。德国对外贸易归联邦经济部主管，下设专门的对外贸易办公室。产品质量的管理还涉及消费者权益保护部门和质检部门等，半官方的德国工商总会、中小企业联合会等在全球都建有庞大的联系网络。此外，相关立法机构、行业标准化机构、质量认证机构等在海外产品安全管理中发挥着重要作用。
The current German industrial products sold half of foreign countries, the nearly 1/3 jobs are derived from the export sector, the German economy is a typical export-oriented economy, export management occupies an important position in government agencies. The German Federal Ministry of economic affairs of foreign trade, under the specialized foreign trade office. Product quality management also involves the consumer rights and interests protection departments and the quality inspection departments, half the official German Chamber of Commerce, Federation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the world have built a huge network of contacts. In addition, legislatures, industry standardization bodies, certification bodies in the overseas product safety management plays an important role in.
    德国出口产品安全管理有着完善的法律体系，例如《设备安全法》、《产品安全法》、《食品法》等。以食品安全为例，目前德国是世界第四大食品出口国，饮食业出口约占制成品出口总额的13%。德国食品安全法律体系涉及全部食品产业链，包括植物保护、动物健康、善待动物的饲养方式、食品标签标识等。德国在食品安全的法律建设中构架了四大支柱：《食品和日用品管理法》、《食品卫生管理条例》、《HACCP方案》、《指导性政策》，它们互相补充、构成了范围广泛的食品安全法律体系的基础。德国所有的出口食品包装的标签上都注明商标、食品成分和有效期，还有有关商检机构质量认可的显著标志。实际上早在1879年，德国就制定了《食品法》。目前实行的《食品法》包罗万象，所列条款多达几十万个，并且国家设立了覆盖全国的食品检查机构，联邦政府、每个州和各地方政府都设有负责检查食品质量的卫生部门。这都成为德国出口食品产品安全的根本保障。
German export product safety management has a perfect legal system, for example " equipment safety act ", " Product Safety Act ", " food ". A case of food safety, Germany is the world's fourth largest exporter of food products, food exports accounted for about 13% of the total export of manufactured goods. German food safety legal system involving all the food industry chain, including plant protection, animal health, animal husbandry, treat food label label. Germany in the food safety law construction in the framework of the four big pillar: " food and commodity management method ", " food hygiene management regulations ", " HACCP ", " guidelines ", they complement each other, formed a wide range of food safety legal system based. All the German export food packaging label are marked with a trademark, food ingredients and period of validity, and the commodity inspection authorities recognized the quality of symbol. Actually as early as in 1879, Germany has developed a " food ". Now carry out " food " cover and contain everything, the terms up to hundreds of thousands of States, and set up a nationwide food inspection agencies, the federal government, each state and local government is responsible for the inspection of food quality in the health sector. This has become the export of German food product safety guarantee.
    德国行业标准化组织在产品质量管理中也发挥着重要作用。标准化组织工作的依据正是国家颁布的各项行业法规，将本已数十万条的行业法规转化为具体的业内标准，这些标准又成为认证机构质量认证和企业生产的依据。
German industry organization for Standardization in product quality management will play an important role. Organization for standardization work on the basis of is the state has promulgated the regulations of the industry, this has hundreds of thousands of industry regulations into specific industry standard, these standards and become certified in the body quality certification and production basis.
功不可没的认证机构
Unrecognized accreditation bodies
    德国标准化学会和德国电器工程师协会是德国两个主要的产品认证机构，分别从事电工、电子产品符合DIN标志的认证。这两个机构有着密切的合作关系，联合组成德国电工委员会，参加国际电工委员会。DIN代表德国参加国际标准化组织。此外，于1971年12月成立的联邦德国商品标志协会有限公司是专门负责符合DIN标准的产品认证工作的机构，它隶属于德意志标准化学会。
Din and the German Institute of electrical and Electronics Engineers is Germany's two main product certification bodies, were engaged in electrical, electronic products subject to the DIN mark certification. The two institutions have close relations of cooperation, formed a joint German Electrotechnical Committee, participate in the International Electrotechnical commission. DIN represents Germany in international organization for standardization. In addition, in 1971 December established the Federal Republic of Germany logo merchandise Association Limited is responsible for the standard DIN product certification agency, it belongs to the German standard chemical society.
    德国出口产品安全管理的指导理念是“流程决定结果”，为了保障最终出口产品的安全，德国建立了一整套的独特的“法律——行业标准——质量认证”管理体系。在完善的法律法规的基础上，细化为数万条的行业标准，然后由质量认证机构对企业生产流程、产品规格、成品质量等进行逐一审核，企业最终只需要拿到认证机构的认证结果。这样，既保证了繁杂的法律法规的有效实施，也便于企业向消费者证明自身产品的安全性。
German export product safety management guiding philosophy is " the decision process, in order to ensure the final result " safety of export products, Germany established a distinctive " Law -- the industry standard quality management system certification -- ". On the perfection of legal basis, refinement for tens of thousands of industry standards, and then by the quality certification of the production process, product specifications, product quality and so on were each audit, enterprise will only need to get the certification body of the certification results. So, not only guarantee the complex the effective implementation of laws and regulations, but also is advantageous for the enterprise to consumers that their products safety.
    在该流程中，质量认证机构有着相当关键的位置，严格的质量认证制度在创造“德国制造”声誉的过程中也功不可没。比如德国著名的GS认证，其含义是德语“Geprufte Sicherheit”(安全性已认证)，也有“Germany Safety”（德国安全）的意思。它以德国产品安全法为依据，按照德国工业标准DIN及欧盟统一标准EN进行检测。虽然这是一种非强制的自愿性认证，但在普通消费者心目中，一个有GS标志的产品设备在市场更有竞争力，因此几乎所有的德国设备制造商都积极进行此项认证。
In this process, the quality certification body has a key position, strict quality certification system in the creation of the "made in Germany " reputation in the process too. For example, the famous German GS certification, its meaning is German for " Geprufte Sicherheit " ( safety certified), also has the "Germany Safety " ( German security ). It to the German product safety law as the basis, in accordance with German industrial standard DIN and European standard EN detection. Although this is a non-compulsory voluntary certification, but in general the minds of consumers, a GS logo products equipment in the market more competitive, so almost all German equipment manufacturers are actively this certification.
    这些认证以德国产品安全法为基础，并且根据产品安全法的修正而变化。2004年德国出台的《设备与产品安全法》将原有的设备安全法和产品安全法融合在一起，随后各认证机构也及时调整其认证程序，这就保证了新法规在工业界的迅速实施。据德国罗德律师事务所的沈科女士介绍，取得这些认证后，虽然并不能保证所有产品完全不出问题，但如果产品安全性一旦出现问题，问题的举证方就是消费者或使用厂商，而不再是生产厂商，这体现了质量认证对出口产品的一种保护价值。
The certification to the German product safety law as the foundation, and according to Product Safety Act amendments and changes. In 2004, Germany introduced " equipment and product safety law " will be the original equipment safety law and product safety act together, then the certification body also adjust its certification program, which ensures that the new regulations in the industry's rapid implementation. According to German law firm Rhodes Shen Department to introduce, make these certification, although does not guarantee that all products completely no problem, but if the product safety when problems arise, the burden of proof problem is consumer or the use of manufacturers, and is no longer the manufacturers, which reflects the quality certification of export products of a protection value.
    实际上“德国制造”所走过的历程也并非一帆风顺。二战后，英国是重要的德国商品进口国，但英国坚持要德国人在他们的产品上注明“德国制造”字样，最早是一种带有侮辱性色彩的惩罚。但过了若干年，人们发现凡是印有“德国制造”的商品质量特别好，在市场上都非常畅销，“德国制造”在英国反而成了质量和信誉的代名词。
In fact the "made in Germany " the history is not everything is going smoothly. After the Second World War, Britain is one of the most important German import country, but the British insisted that the Germans in their products marked " made in Germany ", the first is a kind of insulting the color. But after a few years, people found that marked "made in Germany " product quality is particularly good, in the market very popular, " made in Germany" in the UK has become synonymous with quality and credibility.
严谨的召回制度
Strict recall system
    据德中经济资讯协会主席王学军介绍，“我在德国生活多年，一直都很少听到德国出口产品在国外遇到质量问题的消息。偶尔出现，也主要是由企业主动来解决，比如产品召回等。”他解释道，这主要得益于德国一整套完善的出口质量事前管理、事中监控、事后处理程序，即使在发现质量问题后，通过主动召回等程序不仅能妥善解决，相反往往还会增加海外消费者对产品的信任度。
According to the German economic information association chairman Wang Xuejun introduction, " I live in Germany for many years, has been rarely heard German export products in foreign countries encountered quality problems. Occasionally, it is mainly composed of enterprise actively to solve, such as product recall. " He explained, this is main profit from Germany a set of perfect quality management in advance, in the matter of export control, after the event handler, even if found quality problems, through active recall program can not only solve, instead often also increased overseas consumer trust in the products.
    2007年8月，德国百年老店Haribo甜点公司全球召回1.4万袋糖果，该公司是全球最大的果汁橡皮糖和甘草糖的制造商，产品出口100多个国家。8月20日，该公司称，在清洗生产机器时发现生产线传输带的一根金属钢轨被扭曲，这可能导致一些金属粉末污染了部分产品。正是由于这一根钢轨，该公司决定全球召回该批次全部产品，为此公司将承担全部费用。正是由于这种负责任的态度，才保障了这个家族企业经营百年，产品畅销全球，并成为该行业内的龙头企业。
2007 August, Germany the century-old Haribo dessert company global recall of 14000 bags of candy, the company is the world's largest juice gummy and liquorice candy manufacturer, products are exported to more than 100 countries. In August 20th, the company said, in the cleaning production machines found production line transmission with a metal rails were twisted, which may result in some metal powder pollution of some products. It is because of the rail, the company decided to global recall of the batches of all products, this company will bear all the expenses. It is because of this responsibility, to protect the family business 100 years, the global best-selling products, and become the industry's leading enterprises.
    另外，汽车企业也经常使用产品召回方式处理事后发现的质量问题。最近几年来，德国大众、宝马和奔驰等曾经大量召回故障车辆，今年年初奔驰还出现了其历史上规模最大的130万辆故障车召回的事件。这些频频发现的故障虽然引起部分消费者的不满，但由于处理及时并没有对德国汽车质量良好的声誉造成太多负面影响。德国汽车行业的出口也连年创出新高。
In addition, car companies often use product recall manner later found quality problems. In recent years, Volkswagen, BMW and Mercedes had massive recall of faulty vehicle, at the beginning of this year, Mercedes-Benz also appeared in the history of the largest 1300000 broken-down car recall of events. These frequently find fault while caused part of consumer dissatisfaction, but as a result of processing time and not on the German automotive quality good reputation caused too much negative influence. The German automotive industry exports also has hit a new high.
    据了解，德国的高速公路沥青层下铺设超过70厘米的水泥基础，完全可以胜任飞机起降和坦克行驶；德国工人每天都跪着把厂房地面擦得一尘不染；德国法律细致到规定周日公寓内噪音不得超过多少分贝……
Reportedly, the German highway asphalt layer under the laying of more than 70 cm in the cement foundation, can be competent completely aircraft and tank ride; German workers daily kneeling to plant ground polished maintain one's original pure character; German law to set Sunday apartment noise should not exceed the number decibel ... ...
    “德国制造”对精准的追求是苛刻的，这源自德意志民族的严谨个性，他们坚信说世界上语法最复杂和严格的语言就要最严谨地做事情。
" Made in Germany" the precise pursuit is demanding, which originated from the German rigorous personality, they believe that the world 's most complex and strict grammar language is the most rigorous way to do things.
质量管理与认证　德国质量管理制度介绍
Quality management and certification of quality management system in Germany