什么是食品的生物性污染？
What is the food of the biological pollution?
因微生物及其毒素、病毒、寄生虫及其虫卵等对食品的污染造成的食品质量安全问题为食品的生物性污染。这里所说的微生物及其毒素，主要是细菌及细菌毒素、霉菌及霉菌毒素等。
Because the microorganisms and their toxins, viruses, parasites and their eggs for food pollution caused by the problem of food quality safety of food microorganism pollution. The microorganisms and their toxins, primarily bacteria and bacterial toxins, mould and mycotoxin.
细菌对食品的污染通过以下几种途径：
Bacterial pollution of food through the following ways:
一是对食品原料的污染：食品原料品种多、来源广，细菌污染的程度因不同的品种和来源而异；
One of the food raw materials pollution : raw food varieties, wide sources, the degree of bacterial contamination for different varieties and different sources;
二是对食品加工过程的污染；三是在食品贮存、运输、销售中对食品造成的污染。食品的细菌污染指标主要有菌落总数、大肠菌群、致病菌等几种。常见的易污染食品的细菌有假单胞菌、微球菌和葡萄球菌、芽胞杆菌与芽胞梭菌、肠杆菌、弧菌与黄杆菌、嗜盐杆菌与嗜盐球菌、乳杆菌等。
Two of the food processing process of pollution; three is in the food storage, transportation, sales of food contamination. Food contamination indicator bacteria are mainly aerobic bacterial count, coliform bacteria, pathogens and several. Common easy pollution food bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus, bacillus and Clostridium, enterobacter, Vibrio and Flavobacterium, halophilic bacillus and coccus, Lactobacillus, halophilic.
霉菌及其产生的毒素对食品的污染多见于南方多雨地区，目前已知的霉菌毒素约有200余种，不同的霉菌其产毒能力不同，毒素的毒性作用不同。
Mold and its toxin contamination in food in southern rainy regions, currently known mycotoxins to about 200 kinds, different fungal toxin-producing capacity of its different from the toxic effects of toxin, different.
与食品关系较为密切的霉菌毒素有黄曲霉毒素、赤者 曲霉毒素、杂色曲霉素、岛青霉素、黄天精、桔青霉素、层青霉素、单端孢霉素类、丁烯酸内酯等。霉菌及霉苗毒素污染食品后，引起的危害主要有二个方面：即霉菌引起的食品变质和霉菌产生的毒素引起人类中毒。霉菌污染食品可使食品的食用价值降低，甚至完全不能食用，造成巨大的经济损失。
And the food closely related mycotoxin aflatoxin, a red, aflatoxins, sterigmatocystin, island, Huang Tian, orange penicillin penicillin, penicillin, single layer Duanbao DX class, butenolide etc.. Mold and mildew seedling toxin contamination of food, the harm caused by mainly has two aspects: namely food spoilage caused by mold and mildew caused by the toxins produced by human poisoning. Fungal contamination of food can reduce the food value of food, or even completely unusable, causing huge economic losses.
据统计全世界每年平均有2%的谷物由于霉变不能食用。霉菌毒素引起的中毒大多通过被霉菌污染的粮食、油料作物以及发酵食品等引起，而且霉菌毒素中毒往往表现为明显的地方性和季节性。
According to statistics, every year around the world, with an average of 2% grain moldy inedible due. Mycotoxin poisoning caused mostly by mold contaminated grain, oil-bearing crops and food fermentation caused, and mycotoxin poisoning often show obvious regional and seasonal.