奶牛场良好农业规范（GAP）认证，养殖基地GAP认证规划布局
Dairy farms of good agricultural practice ( GAP ) certification, GAP certification program layout breeding base
      1.养殖基地场址选择
1 breeding base site selection
      ① 地势及地形  奶牛场要求地势高燥，向阳避风，地下水位低（应在2米以下）。地面平坦而稍有坡度(以便于排水)，地面坡度以1％左右为宜，山区丘陵坡度不应大于10％，坡度过大，会给生产带来诸多不便。地形要开阔整齐，场地不要过于狭长或边角太多，场区的面积要根据奶牛养殖规模、管理方式、集约化程度等因素确定。此外，还应留有发展余地。
The topography and terrain dairy requirements is high and dry, sunny Lee, the underground water level is low ( within 2 meters). The ground is flat and slight slope ( in order to facilitate drainage ), the slope of the ground with about 1% for suitable, a mountainous and hilly slope shall be not more than 10%, the slope is too large, will bring a lot of inconvenience to the production. Terrain open to the system, not too narrow site or corner too much, field area according to the scale of dairy farming, management mode, the degree of intensive factors determining. In addition, also should have room for development.
      ②土壤条件及水源
The condition of soil and water
      土壤条件对奶牛的影响颇大。适合建牛场的土壤，应该是透气、透水性强，吸湿性、导热性小，质地均匀，抗压性强的土壤。例如：沙壤土。
Soil conditions effects on dairy cattle is quite big. Suitable for the construction of farm soil, is breathable, high permeability, hygroscopicity, thermal conductivity is small, uniform texture, strong resistance of soil. For example: Sandy loam.
      奶牛场在生产过程中奶牛的饮用、牛体洗刷、冲洗奶牛舍和洗涤设备等都需要大量的水。所以，建立一个养殖小区，必须有一个可靠的水源，水源应符合下列要求：水供应充足、水质良好、不受周围条件的污染、取用方便。
Dairy farms in the production process of cow, cow body wash, rinse drink dairy barn and washing equipment needs lots of water. Therefore, to establish a breeding area, must have a reliable source of water, the water shall meet the following requirements: sufficient water supply, water quality is good, not affected by the surrounding conditions of the pollution, is convenient to take and use.
      ③饲料、饲草资源
The feed, forage grass resources
在场址选择时，必须根据牛群的大小来计算饲料用量能否就近保证供应。有条件的可在场址附近建设一块自己的饲料、饲草地，以便种植苜蓿等饲草，确保供应。原则上每头成母牛需配备10-12.5亩的秸杆青贮玉米种植地，或2.5亩的全株青贮玉米种植地。
In site selection, must according to the herd size is used to calculate the amount of feed can guarantee the supply of nearby. Conditional at sites near construction a piece of their own feed, forage, alfalfa, forage grass to plant, to ensure the supply of. On the principle of each into cow to be equipped with 10-12.5 Mu straw silage maize cultivation, or 2.5 acres of whole corn silage cultivation.
      ④社会联系
The social contact
社会联系是指养殖小区与周围社会的关系，如与居民区的关系、交通运输和电力供应等。养殖小区位置应选择在居民点的下风处，地势低于居民点；但不宜选在容易造成环境污染企业的下风处或附近。
Social contact is a farming community and the surrounding social relationships, such as residential areas and relation, transportation and power supply. Farming area location should be selected in the residents downwind of the terrain below, residents; but not selected in easy to cause environmental pollution enterprises downwind or near.
为了防疫卫生，奶牛养殖小区与居民点的间距宜在500米以上，与各类易造成环境污染的企业间距应不小于1500米， 与主要公路的距离至少要在300米以上、一般道路50-100米。牛场或小区之间的距离至少要在100米以上。
In order to epidemic prevention hygiene, dairy farming area and residential point spacing should be in 500 meters of above, and all kinds of environment pollution is easily caused the enterprise space should not be less than 1500 meters, and the main highway distance of at least 300 meters, general road 50-100 M. Farm area or distance between at least 100 meters.
      2.养殖基地的分区规划
2 breeding base of zoning
牛场应根据奶牛的饲养工艺要求，结合场址的地形、地势和交通运输条件，进行合理布局，整体设计。奶牛场根据建筑物的功能，一般可分为生活区、管理区、生产区和病牛管理区。各区的分布要尽量合理，力求总体紧凑。
Cattle should be based on dairy cattle feeding process requirements, combined with the site topography, terrain and traffic conditions, rational layout, overall design. Dairy farm under the function of the building, can generally be divided into living area, management area, production area and diseases of cattle management zone. The district distribution should be reasonable, and strive to overall compact.
养殖基地的分区规划应遵循下列几个基本原则：
Breeding base partition planning should follow the following basic principles: