质量认证与质量管理三大缺陷制约质量管理

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质量认证与质量管理三大缺陷制约质量管理发布时间: 2012-11-29 01:22 点击：

质量认证与质量管理三大缺陷制约质量管理
Certificate of quality and quality management three big defects restrict quality management
为什么在日本，质量管理可以通过QC小组成为企业内一种“全民”的自觉行为?
Why in Japan, quality management through the QC group to become the enterprise inside a " universal " self-conscious behavior?
在美国，质量管理可以由较早的PPM质量目标再到如今的6δ管理，成为企业内一种对卓越持续追求的内在精神?
In the United States, quality management can be performed by an earlier PPM quality objectives to today's 6δmanagement inside the enterprise, become a of excellence continued pursuit of the spirit?
我国许多企业，80年代学日本，实践QC小组模式，90年代学美国等西方国家，建立质量管理体系。
A lot of our country enterprises, 80 in Japan, 90 in QC group practice model, the United States and other western countries, the establishment of quality management system.
现在，QC小组已鲜有企业还在实践，质量管理体系呢?在部分企业内成为认证公司一年一度的审查会，和写在纸上的一堆文件：质量大纲、质量程序文件和质量操作手册，执行力不够，实际效果也不理想。
Now, QC group has a few enterprises in practice, quality management system? In partial enterprise to become certified company once a year in review, and wrote on the paper: a collection of documents of quality program, quality procedures and quality manual, executive power is insufficient, the actual effect is not ideal.
我国企业质量管理的实践水平目前不高的原因，根本上源于多数企业质量管理体系本身存在的三大缺陷。
Quality management of enterprises in our country the practice level is not high, the fundamental source for most enterprise quality management system itself exists three major defects.
(一)质量业绩管理体系残缺，质量管理的内驱力不足
( a ) the quality of the performance management system is incomplete, the quality management of driving force deficiency
在我国很多企业的质量管理体系中，常常仅有质量管理组织体系——ISO9000系列的各类质量管理认证体系即属此类。
In China a lot of enterprise quality management system, often only quality management system -- ISO9000 series of various types of quality management certification system is such a case.
此内容包括三个组成部分：各相关主体(领导、部门及员工)在质量管理中的权责分工体系、质量管理的流程体系和质量管理操作细则。
This content includes three parts: the relevant subjects ( leadership, department and employee ) in the quality management of the duty division of labor system, quality management system and quality management regulations.
这三部分内容，反映在质量认证体系文件中，对应的是质量管理大纲、质量管理程序文件和质量管理操作手册。
The three part, reflected in the certification of quality system document, the corresponding quality management program, quality management procedures and quality management manual.
而对各相关主体在质量管理方面的业绩类型、评价标准、评价程序、评价方法、评价结果的经济处理和非经济处理等业绩管理方面的内容，则缺乏相应系统化的配套制定，结果，因缺乏足够的内驱力，使得经过认证的、本来很科学的质量管理组织体系，实际上也很难真正运行起来。
On the relevant subjects in terms of quality management performance evaluation standards, evaluation procedure, types, evaluation method, evaluation results of economic and non economic processing performance management aspects, the lack of corresponding system of form a complete set to make, results, due to lack of sufficient driving force, makes the certified, originally very scientific quality management system, is actually very difficult to really run.
如果把质量管理组织体系比喻成质量管理的“硬件”，则质量业绩管理体系就是相应的“软件”，没有该软件的驱动，质量管理组织体系这个“硬件”就只能是空壳子。
If the quality of management organization system compared to the quality management of " hardware ", is the quality of the performance management system is the corresponding " software ", not the software driver, quality management system the " hardware " can only be empty shell.
现在，我国很多企业都很重视质量管理组织体系的建设，纷纷请有关公司进行质量体系的认证，但对质量业绩管理体系认识和重视程度不够，以致于这些企业的质量管理组织体系没能发挥其应有的功能。
Now, a lot of enterprises of our country have attached great importance to quality management organization system, have the company quality system certification, but on the quality of the performance management system to recognize and pay enough attention, so that these enterprises quality management system can not play its due function.
(二)质量改进活动体系不健全，质量管理的提升作用不强
( two) the quality improvement activities of quality management system is not perfect, the promotion effect is not strong
我国很多企业的质量管理体系，不仅质量业绩管理体系残缺，而且，质量改进活动体系也很不健全。质量改进活动体系是质量管理体系三大组成部分之一，在全部质量管理活动中，是质量管理最为鲜活和丰富的领域，日本的QC小组所从事的工作，就是形形色色的质量改进活动。
China a lot of enterprise quality management system, not only the quality of the performance management system is incomplete, and quality improvement activities, the system is not perfect. Quality improvement of quality management system is one of the three major components of the system, the total quality management activities, is the quality management is the most vivid and rich field, Japan's QC group engaged in the work of every hue, is the quality improvement activities.
质量是通过业务流程实现的。业务流程有一系列具体环节组成：设计环节、采购环节、生产制造环节、安装调试环节、包装环节和运输环节。
Quality is the business process implementation. Business process has a series of specific parts: design, purchasing, manufacturing, installation and commissioning, link link link link and transport packaging.
质量管理组织体系要求各环节工作按照既定的质量管理标准进行工作，以期实现产品质量的“标准化”。而质量改进活动则是通过对各环节工作本身的改进、甚至创新，实现质量实现水平的提升。
Quality management system requirements for each link in accordance with the established quality management standards to work, in order to achieve product quality " standard ". And quality improvement activities is through the various links work itself, and even improved innovation, realize the quality level.
可以这么说，一套质量管理组织体系再好，也不过管理的是已有的质量实现水平，而质量改进活动则不同，它是在不断打破企业质量现实实现水平的上限，促进企业质量实现水平的实际提升。
So to speak, a set of quality management system and good, but also existing quality management is to achieve the level, and quality improvement activities are different, it is constantly breaking enterprise quality reality realize the maximum level, promote the enterprise quality to achieve the level of actual promotion.
质量改进活动分布在业务活动的各个领域：设计、采购、制造、安装、调试、包装和运输等，如设计人员提高设计的模块化水平和标准化水平、采购环节完善供应商管理、生产环节创新加工工艺等，同时都是质量方面非常有益的改进活动，对提高企业的产品质量和服务质量有非常重要的意义。
Quality improvement activities in business activities in various fields: design, procurement, manufacturing, installation, commissioning, packaging and transportation, such as the designers to improve design modular level and standard level, purchasing links improve supplier management, production innovation process, it is very useful to improve the quality of activities, the enterprise to improve the product quality and service quality has very important significance.
现在，有关质量改进活动，在很多企业内只是零星的、甚至是随机的发生着，还没有进行全领域的发动，并上升为企业内“全民”的、系统的行为——这一点和日本的确有很大的差距。
Now, the quality improvement activities, in many enterprises only sporadically, or even random happening, not all areas of the engine, and rises to the enterprise inside " all the people", the behavior of the system -- and that Japan has the very big disparity.
需要注意的是，质量改进活动体系也需要质量业绩管理体系的配合。
Note that, quality improvement activities system also needs quality performance management system with.
如果质量改进对个人没有好处，不改进也没什么坏处，那么即使日本的企业，恐怕也很难有效开展起QC小组活动。
If a quality improvement on individuals without benefits, not improved also no harm, so even if the Japanese company, I am afraid it is difficult to effectively carry out QC group activities.
(三)质量管理和业务体系缺乏紧密融合，质量管理的根基不深
( three) quality management and service system in the absence of close integration, quality management foundation is not deep
如前所言，质量是通过业务人员、在具体的业务活动中实现的，因此，质量管理体系必须牢牢结合业务管理体系，将质量管理工作根植在实际的业务开展过程之中。
As mentioned earlier, the quality is through the business, in the specific business activities in the realization of the quality management system, therefore, must be firmly combined with the business management system, the quality management job embeddedness in the actual business process.
而从我国多数企业的质量管理体系情况来看，真正做到这种程度的并不多，质量管理往往成为游离业务管理之上的体系——脱离管理“对象”的管理，很难会有好的管理效果。
From our country the majority of enterprise quality management system situation, really do not much, quality management often become free business management system -- from management " object " of management, will be very difficult to have good management effect.
和业务体系缺乏紧密融合，在一些未进行过质量体系认证的企业里表现得尤为严重，比如采购流程和相关制度规定是一套，质量管理的对应流程和相关规定又是一套，彼此之间的关联性和一致性非常差。
And the lack of business system integration, some don't have quality system certification of enterprises is especially serious, such as the procurement process and relevant rules are a set of quality management, the corresponding process and relevant regulations is set, between each of the relevance and consistency is very poor.
在经过质量认证的企业，这种现象要好一些，但也不尽人意，其中一个突出的问题是：很多认证公司在认证时，推行的是一套标准化的程序和模板，结合企业的应用性设计不够，结果导致质量管理体系不能充分体现企业的业务特点。
After the quality certification of the enterprise, this kind of phenomenon is better, but also fares badly, one of the prominent problem is : a lot of certification in certification, carry out a set of standardized procedures and templates, combined with enterprise application design inadequate, resulting in the quality management system can not fully reflect the business characteristic of the enterprise.
这样，企业遇到特殊的业务情况时，质量管理体系便难敷其用，甚至于有的企业觉得认证的质量管理体系根本不适合自身业务管理的需要，干脆弃之不用，使得花力气认证的体系最后成了装点的摆设。
Thus, enterprises meet the special operations, quality management system will be difficult to apply its use, and even some enterprises think certified quality management system is not suitable for their business management needs, simply abandoned, makes effort to certification system finally became decorated decoration.
改革开放以来，由于市场化水平提高带来的外在压力、逐渐形成的商业精神带来的质量责任意识和技术手段(主要是设备)进步带来的加工水平，使得我国企业的产品质量80年代以来实现了较大程度的提高。
Since reforming and opening, as a result of the market to improve the level of the external pressure of the commercial spirit, gradually formed the quality responsibility consciousness and technical means ( is the main equipment ) progress brought about by the processing level, make our country enterprise product quality since 80 time to achieve a greater degree of increase.
如果再能在质量管理体系上进行实质性的完善，缩小与日、美国家质量管理水平的差距，则中国企业的产品质量和服务水平，必然会有新一轮更为显著的提升。
If you can in the quality management system for a substantial improvement, contractible with day, the United States House of quality management level, is Chinese enterprise product quality and service level, there must be a new round of more significant improvement.
质量认证与质量管理三大缺陷制约质量管理
Certificate of quality and quality management three big defects restrict quality management