建筑业有关ISO9000认证质量体系要素的探讨
Construction of ISO9000 authentication of quality system elements of
   正如建筑产品的特点以及上述建筑业质量管理的特点，建筑业的质量体系即类似通用产品，又有其特点。
As the characteristics of building products and the construction characteristics of quality management in construction industry, the quality system that is similar to a generic products, and its characteristics.
   （一）工程建设合同评审的特点
( a ) the characteristics of construction contract review
   1．供需不平衡：
1 supply and demand imbalance:
由于建筑市场有3000多万建筑大军，供大于求。因此，招投标竞争非常激烈，很多情况处于无序状态，不能公平、合理地进行招投标。
Due to the construction market has about 30000000 construction force, beg for be more than. Therefore, the bidding competition is very intense, often in a state of disorder, not fair, reasonable bidding.
   2．工程造价一般已有定数：
2 engineering cost generally has a set number of:
①图纸是建设单位（业主）委托设计部门设计的；
The drawing is construction unit (owner ) commissioned by the design department of design;
②工程量的计算，建设行政主管部门有统一规定，故其计算结果自然不会有多大出入；
The engineering quantity calculation, construction administrative departments have unified regulations, so the results may not have much access to natural;
③单位估价表的组成（材料、机具、工费等）一致；
The unit valuation list composition ( materials, equipment, labor cost, uniform );
④各种间接费也是政府政府统一规定，只要计算上没有错误或有意弄虚作假，各单位计算的工程造价必然接近。
The various indirect fee also is government of unified regulations, as long as no mistakes or intentional calculated resort to deceit, the unit project cost necessarily close to.
自开放改革以来，建材市场出现某些供过于求的好现象。因此，不同的造价（标底）只是在材料的采购价格上有所差别，但差别不可能很大。
Since the opening reform, building materials market appears certain pile up in excess of requirement good phenomenon. Therefore, different cost ( bid ) only in material procurement price somewhat difference, but the difference is not large.
3．工期的混乱：
The 3 period of confusion:
建设行政主管部门制定有定额工期《建筑安装工程工期定额》是比较科学合理的，但建设单位以及有的政府部门，往往要缩短工期，什么长官工程；为某某节日献礼工程，不顾客观条件，乱提口号，使施工管理因之乱套。
Construction administrative departments to develop a" fixed time duration quota of construction and installation project" is more scientific and reasonable, but the construction unit and some government departments, often have to shorten the construction period, what Sir engineering; for a holiday tribute project, regardless of objective conditions, bandying slogan, make construction management for free.
   4．工程建设相对于机电产品，属于比较粗放型的产品，很多工种只要师傅带徒弟，“铁匠没样边打边像”，只要认真按操作规程施工，比较容易学习不难掌握，也正如此，大量农民工转行于此。
4 engineering construction relative to the mechanical and electrical products, belong to more extensive product, a lot of work as long as the master brings apprentice," Smith had kind while beating like", as long as carefully according to the rules of construction, relatively easy to learn and master not hard, it is so, a large number of migrant workers move from this.
  5．企业资质等级标准的要求和承包工程范围已有合同评审能力的某些规定。
5 level qualification standards and scope of contracted projects have ability of certain provisions of the contract review.
  以厦门华远工程建设有限公司（属二级企业）为例的资质等级标准要求（摘要）如下：
Xiamen Huayuan Construction Company Limited (two enterprises) as an example of the level of qualification standards ( Abstract ) as follows:
  a) 近10年承担过中型工业建设项目等两项以上；
A ) over the past 10 years to bear medium-sized industrial construction projects such as the two or more;
  b) 经理有8年以上从事施工管理的经历，有高级职称的总工程师……；
B ) manager has 8 years construction management experience, has the title of senior engineer ... ... ;
  c) 资本金1500万元，生产经营固定资产原值1000万元以上；
C ) capital gold 15000000 yuan, production and operation of original value of fixed assets 10000000 yuan;
  d) 具有相应的施工机械设备与质量检验测试手段等。
D ) with the corresponding construction mechanical equipment and quality testing means.
   承担工程范围：
Assume the scope of the project:
   “可承担30层以下，30米跨度以下的建筑物，高度100米以下的构筑物的建筑施工”。
" Can assume the following 30, span 30 meters below the building, height of 100 meters below the construction of structures".
   对上述两方面的规定，可以看到已对合同评审要求的能力已确定。
On the two aspects of regulation, can be seen on contract review request has the ability to determine.
   华远公司现在，以前已经能“承担30层以下，30米跨度以下的建筑物，高度100米以下的构筑物的建筑施工”，只要有这方面的工程，我们完全有能力满足供方（业主）的要求，早已有合同评审要求的能力，一般说无须进行特殊的合同评审。
Company now, had to" assume the following 30, span 30 meters below the building, height of 100 meters below the construction of structures", as long as there are aspects of this project, we are fully capable to meet the requirements of the supplier (owner ), has long been a contract review required capacity, generally without special contract review.
   6．工程建设的合同评审目前难以充分体现
6 engineering construction contract review is currently difficult to fully reflect
  a) 施工队伍供过于求，施工企业饥不择食，饮鸠止渴，互相 竞争十分残酷，“鹬蚌相争，鱼翁得利”。建设单位压低标底，或有的政府等部门美其名要给“优惠价”，施工前不但没给工程预付款，甚至还要代垫款。
A ) pile up in excess of requirement construction company construction team, hungry, drink poison to quench one's thirst, competition is very cruel," therefore, benefit fish weng". The construction unit low bid, or some government departments is the name for "the price", before the construction, not only did not give the project advance payment, even generation advance.
   b) 工期要求紧迫，你不接受，有人接受。对交工期能力不好评审，采取“钓鱼工程”，只好先接受再说。
B ) time is pressing, you do not accept, have accepted. On the pay period ability is not a good review, take" fishing project", had no choice but to accept.
   c) 企业资质审查，已对施工队伍技术能力、设备能力等，确定承担范围，政府部门事前已先作某些合同评审。
C ) enterprise qualification review, has the team construction technology, equipment capacity, determined assuming the scope, government departments in advance to make certain the contract review.
   d) 众所周知的工程招、投标中有行贿受贿现象，它给合同评审，埋下障碍。
As everyone knows, d ) the engineering trick bids in bribery phenomenon, it gives the contract review, bury next obstacle.
   基于我国目前建筑市场情况，施工企业在接受工程任务时，不是有没有能力的问题，而是有能力没任务，只要按建设行政主管部门规定的范围内，各施工企业都有满足需方要求的能力，因此合同评审大可简化，大都不必召开会议评审。
Based on China's current construction market, construction enterprises in the acceptance of engineering tasks, not have the ability, but the ability no task, as long as the administrative department in charge of construction within the prescribed range, the construction enterprises have to meet the requirement of capacity, so the contract review can be simplified, mostly do not have held a meeting to review.
为了有评审的证据，只要采用书面会审签字。
In order to review the evidence, as long as the use of written documents signed.
另一方面说，目前建设单位不是从获得质量体系认证的施工企业中选择队伍，也没要求施工单位提供合同评审的证明材料。
On the other hand, the construction unit is not obtained from the quality system certification of construction enterprises in the choice of team, did not require the construction units to provide contract review proof material.