OHSAS18000职业安全管理标准标准的执行
OHSAS18000 occupation safety management standards implementation
      建立了OHSAS18000系统的安全管理标准之后，接下来的问题是如何执行该标准。事实上，制订一套完整、系统的安全管理标准并不难，有几个年的行业经验可供借鉴，有多年的企业自身管理经验积累，很多企业都据此建立了比较完善的安全管理标准。
Establishment of OHSAS18000 system security management standards, the next question is how to implement the standard. In fact, formulate a complete set, system safety management standard is not difficult, has several years of industry experience for reference, has many years of business management experience, many enterprises have established a relatively perfect security management standard.
但是OHSAS18000安全管理绩效往往不尽如人意，问题何在?问题的关键是标准的执行力没有最终解决，管理标准只是纸上谈兵。
But OHSAS18000 safety management performance is often not just as one wishes, what's the problem? The key of the problem is the standard execution no final solution, standard management is just empty talk.
如何实现OHSAS18000标准从上至下、不折不扣地得到贯彻实施，这是解决安全管理标准化的一个关键环节。换句话说，OHSAS18000标准的执行也要实现标准化。
How to implement OHSAS18000 standard from top to bottom, hundred-percent to carry out, this is to solve the safety management standardization is a key link. In other words, the OHSAS18000 standards to realize standardization.
     关于OHSAS18000标准执行的标准化，笔者推崇“4R”管理模式，并建议以此建立一套独立的OHSAS18000执行系统。
On the OHSAS18000 standard implementation standardization, the author advocates the " 4R" management mode, and suggests to establish a set of independent OHSAS18000 execution system.
     R1——执行的驱动系统。制定目标，并将OHSAS18000执行标准需要计划的任务层层分解。将年度计划落实到部门与具体的行动上。这里讲的目标与计划任务的层层分解，是指从上往下逐级分解，一直分解到班组。大企业要尤其重视这一点，因为大企业层次多，往往高层的年度计划制订得很详细周密，但中层在进行分解时走样甚至不往下分解，OHSAS18000标准的执行与落实就成了一句空话。这就好比一台机器，不管其马力设计得多么强劲，一旦其传动装置失效，它就无法驱动。
R1 -- implementation of the drive system. Setting goals, and OHSAS18000 standards need to plan the task layer upon layer decomposition. The annual plan to implement the sector with specific actions. The goal and task of the decomposition layers, is refers to from up to down stepwise decomposition, has been decomposed into teams and groups. Large enterprises should especially attach importance to this point, because of the large enterprise level, often high annual plan very detailed, but the middle in decomposition of aliasing even no down decomposition, OHSAS18000 standard execution and implementation has become an empty slogan. This is like a machine, regardless of how strong the horsepower design, once its transmission device failure, it will not be able to drive.
     R2——执行人的职责系统(KPI)。明确每个岗位的责、权、利(即建立安全生产责任制)，识别关键绩效(KPI)并提出一整套绩效标准。OHSAS18000要注意的是，安全管理是一个动态的过程，其绩效标准不能只看结果，不问过程，应该对预防性的基础工作提出绩效要求。比如本集团公司对下属各专业公司职业安全健康关键绩效指标(KPI)完成情况考核细则就分为“硬指标(结果指标)绩效考核”与“软指标(基础工作)绩效考核”两部分。
R2 -- executive responsibility system ( KPI ). Clear each post duty, authority, benefit (i.e., establish responsibility system for safety in production ), identification of key performance ( KPI ) and put forward a set of performance standards. OHSAS18000 note, security management is a dynamic process, its performance standards not only look at the results, ask process, should be on the preventive work put forward performance requirements. For example, this group of subordinate professional occupation safety and health of key performance indicators ( KPI ) completed assessment rules is divided into " hard index ( index of performance appraisal results )" and" soft index ( Foundation ) performance " in two parts.
      R3——执行效果的检查系统。通过OHSAS18000制度化的质询会议或定期的内部审核方式，在事实和数据基础上将各个层次的行动过程纳入公司目标管理系统。实际上，OHSAS18000职业安全健康管理体系规范本身即要求实施该体系的企业要建立三级监督机制：①绩效测量与监测(主要体现是日常例行的监督检查)；②内部审核；③管理评审。这其实就是一个执行效果的OHSAS18000检查系统。
R3 -- performance inspection system. Through the OHSAS18000 system inquiry conference or regular internal audit mode, in fact and data based on various levels of a course of action into the objectives of the company management system. In fact, OHSAS18000 occupation safety and health management system for the implementation of the system itself requires enterprises to establish three level supervision mechanism: performance measurement and monitoring (mainly is the routine supervision and inspection ); the internal audit and management review. This is an effect of implementation of OHSAS18000 inspection system.