质量管理体系认证，质量管理的核心
Quality management system certification, quality management
质量管理一般分为以下几部分：来料检验(IQC)，制程检验(IPQC)，出货检验(OQC)，品质工程(QE)，品质体系(QS)。一般来说品质工程(QE)除了负责分析解决现场的问题之外还要肩负起实验室的重大使命。
Quality management is divided into the following sections: incoming inspection, in-process inspection ( IQC ) ( IPQC ) ( OQC ), shipment inspection, quality engineering, quality system ( QE ) ( QS ). General quality engineering ( QE ) except for the analysis of solve a problem on the spot also shoulder the important mission of the laboratory.
　　很明显，以上每一个部分几乎都是为检验、发现问题而存在的!所以说品质部的核心工作是发现问题!当然我们需要解决问题，但是只有发现了问题才能解决问题。许多重大问题的发生，不是我们解决不了，而是我们根本就没有发现!或者说发现了，没有引起足够的重视，结果发到了市场，引起了严重的后果。这样问题也就等于没有发现。
Obviously, the above every part of almost all for inspection, found that problems exist! So that the quality of the core work is to discover a problem! Of course we need to solve the problem, but only found a problem in order to solve the problem. Many of the major problems, not that we can't solve, but we have not found! Or found, did not cause enough attention, the result to the market, caused serious consequences. This problem is also not found.
　　发现问题须从哪里着手呢?三个方面，按重要性排序，它们依次是设计阶段，来料阶段，制程控制。
Found the problem should begin from where? Three respects, in order of importance, they are the stage of design, materials, process control.
　　一般来说，一个质量好的产品一定会有良好的设计做基础，设计没有搞好，生产会问题百出，天天救火，天天改模，质量投诉还很多。当然没有人有这么好的大脑把一个产品设计好后就不会出问题、不用改的，重要的是在产品小批量生产前期做好足够的非正常测试、以及寿命测试，并且重视每一个可能的隐患，在产品前期就把产品改好!这就是QE的责任了，一定要作好新产品的交接工作，实验改善一定要到位。
In general, a good quality of the product will have good design basis, design does not do well, production problems, every fire, every day to die, also a lot of quality complaints. Of course, no one is so good brain takes a product good design will not be a problem, do not change, it is important in small batch production early enough abnormal test, and life test, and pay attention to every possible pitfalls in early product, put the product change good! This is QE responsibility, must make new product transfer, experiment improvement must be in place.
　　其次呢，就是来料了。这就关系到供应商的选择、评审，要及时到厂家进行指导，光电话沟通是不行的，见了面人与人之间会有感情，作事情也会更有动力。另外，有些事情当面沟通会减少很多误会，工作进展会快很多。而且还可以到现场了解工艺，增长见识，说不定还能找到问题的真正根源。当然自己公司的检验标准、检测设备也要齐全，人员配置也要到位。一些很少出问题的配件或厂家也可以实行免检或放宽检查，具体自己把握。实际上很多企业处于起步阶段，本身的势力也只一般般，没有足够的引力吸引一些好的供应商。就必须要派技术人员到厂家指导改善，而且要意识到这些帮助指导是长期的，不可能马上解决。要和供应商共同发展，一步步下苦工夫，指导供应商生产，甚至帮他们调整工艺、设计夹具等等，不甚烦琐，这也是自身发展必经的阶段。
Secondly, is the processing. This is related to the supplier selection, evaluation, we must promptly to the factory guide, telephone communication is impossible, see people between human and have feelings, as it would have more power. In addition, there are some things face to face communication will reduce a lot of misunderstanding, progress will be much faster. But also to the scene to understand the process, an increase of knowledge, might be able to find the real source of the problem. Of course, your company's inspection standards, testing equipment to complete, configuration of personnel also should be in place. Some little problems or accessories manufacturers also can execute exempt or relaxing examination, specific to hold their own. Actually a lot of enterprises in the initial stage, the force also only so-so, not enough attraction for some good suppliers. Must want to send technical personnel to the factory guide improvement, but also to realize that these help guide is long-term, not immediately solve. And suppliers common development, step by step hard, guide supplier to production, and even help them adjust process, jig design and so on, is not very complicated, this is their own development needs the phase of classics.
　　最后就是制程控制了。一般来说，如果前面两部分没有问题，后面是很少有问题的。主要是注意对一些关键仪器、关键设备、关键工艺进行监控就行了。这只需要作一些定时的、常规的检查就行。但是，一般来说，设计、来料很少没有问题的，很多特许放行也就给了制程控制相当大的工作。所以制程控制人员要对产品设计缺陷、来料放行情况有一个清晰的了解。以便及时针对问题拿出应对措施。
Finally is the process control. In general, if the front part two is no problem, there are very few problems behind. Mainly pay attention to some key equipment, key equipment, the key technology for monitoring on line. This would only need to do some regular, routine inspection on the line. But, in general, design, processing and seldom without problems, many licensed release also gave considerable work in process control. So the process control personnel to product design, processing release to have a clearer understanding of. In order to timely in view of the question take measures.
　　所以，首先要发现问题，然后才是解决问题。但是如果两者功能合并就会因为不能及时或自己根本解决不了问题而隐瞒问题，这正是很多企业质量问题产生的主要原因，体制上的问题!不是没有事先发现，而是解决不了而隐瞒不报，导致问题进一步扩大。
So, first of all to find problems, and then to solve the problem. But if the two functions of the combined will because it can not be timely or they simply can not solve the problem while concealing the problem, it is a lot of enterprises quality is the main reason for the problem, system problem! Not found in advance, but can not solve and concealment, leading to further expand.
　　随着质量运动的迅速铺开，许多人耗费大量时间和精力在自己的企业内实施质量管理。可是，他们经常失望地发现，他们很难知道哪种质量工具和技术最适合哪些具体场合。 以下介绍几种质量工具及如何运用它们解决日常业务问题。每种工具的讨论都包括下列内容：何时用、何时不用、培训、能达到何目的、注意事项和使用程序。
With the quality movement by rapidly spread, many people spend a lot of time and energy in their own enterprises to implement the quality management. However, they often disappointed to find, they are very difficult to know which kind of quality tools and techniques are most appropriate for which specific occasions. The following describes several quality tools and how to use them to solve daily problem. Each of these tools is discussed have included the following: when to use, when not, training, can achieve what purpose, matters needing attention and the use of procedures.