ISO9000质量认证是电大教育与国际化接轨的需要
The ISO9000 quality certification is the university education and the need of internationalization
1．教育质量需要社会认可。教育质量的评价主要取决于社会用人单位、学生和家长对教育效果的预期和评价。广播电视大学开展的现代远程开放教育的质量取决于教育目标实现的程度、学习主体、学生预期的效果，取决于社会对人才培养和教育服务的评价。对于远程开放教育学习的学生，评价其学习质量，是要使学生懂得如何自主学习，能从各个不同角度分析问题，能够根据自己的需要、运用信息技术去辨别组合和使用一切学习资源，能在家庭、社会和国家生活中与别人共享知识及学术能力、共建和谐社会的人。
In 1 the quality of education need for social approval. Education quality mainly depends on the employers in the society, students and parents to the education effect expectancies and evaluations. Radio and TV University Modern Distance Open education quality depends on the realization of the education target level, learning subject, students expected effect, depend on the society for personnel training and education services evaluation. For open and distance education students, to evaluate the quality of learning, is to make the students know how to study independently, from different angle analysis problem, according to their own needs, the use of information technology to identify combinations and the use of all the learning resources, in the family, society and country life with others to share knowledge and academic ability, to build a harmonious society.
2．电大教育坚持教育产品与服务的整体质量观。电大远程开放教育服务质量取决于电大远程开放教育教学管理服务和对学生学习支持服务质量。电大办学坚持高等教育产品和服务整体质量观。它包容了质量是优秀的；质量就是要符合设计目的；质量是与预定的规格和标准相一致；教育质量是关心人的全面和谐发展；教学质量就是要实现本校特殊目标效果；质量是满足消费者规定的和潜在的需要的程度；学校的教育质量主要看学生，靠毕业生进入社会来检验。高等教育质量既有产品质量属性也有教育服务质量属性，是一个统一的整体质量观。高等教育不仅有人才产品、而且有服务产品；不仅要满足个性需要，还要实现社会预期需要；不仅有有型基本产品、基本服务，而且有精神文化的附加产品和附加服务、既要符合个人期望（回报）又要符合社会（国家）的需要。所以说教育服务是高等学校的基本产出，服务性是高等教育的基本特性。有效地提高高等教育服务质量，必须整体优化高等教育产品和服务的组合。质量评价不仅仅是评价教学服务的结果，即人才培养质量，更应重教育服务过程的评价，人文精神价值的提升情况。建构由社会认可的科学质量评价体系，被提上质量评价的议程。
2 education educational products and services to the overall quality view. Open and distance education service quality depends on the distance open education teaching management service to students and the learning support service. TV University adhere to the products and service of higher education quality view. It contained a quality is good; quality is to meet the design purpose; quality is compared with predetermined specifications and standard consistent; the quality of education is concerned about the comprehensive and harmonious development of people; the quality of teaching is to realize the special target effect; quality is to satisfy the consumers requirements and potential need a degree; the quality of school education mainly depends on students, graduates entering society to test. The quality of higher education has both product quality attributes are also educational service quality attributes, is a unified whole quality view. Higher education is not only a product, but also talent service product; not only to meet the need of social personality, but also anticipated the need; not only has basic products, basic services, and spiritual culture of the additional products and value-added services, both to meet the individual expectations ( return ) to meet the needs of Society (National ). So the education service in Institutions of higher learning is a basic output, service is the basic characteristics of higher education. To effectively improve the service quality of higher education, higher education must be the overall optimization of product and service portfolio. Quality evaluation is not only the evaluation of teaching results, namely the quality of personnel training, should be much heavier education service process evaluation, enhance the value of humanistic spirit. Construction by the society recognized scientific quality evaluation system, has been put on the agenda of the quality evaluation.
3．ISO9000原则为构建电大质量管理体系（QMS）提供借鉴。全国电大和江苏电大正在进行人才培养模式改革和开放教育试点，其中质量评价和监督体系也是研究重点内容。这正是本研究的目的，即通过ISO9000原则学习应用，建立江苏电大教学质量评价和监控体系，提高江苏电大办学水平和学习支持服务的能力。
3.ISO9000 principles for constructing a quality management system ( QMS ) to provide reference. National Open University and Jiangsu University 's personnel training mode reform and open education pilot project, in which the quality evaluation and supervision system is the research key content. This is the purpose of this study, namely through the principles of ISO9000 learning applications, the establishment of Jiangsu TV university teaching quality evaluation and control system, improve the level of running school and Jiangsu TVU learning support service ability.
国际经济合作与发展组织专家于2003年10月考察报告《经合组织关于中国高教财政与质量保障改革的报告》中对中国高等教育质量保障与财政改革的政策建议有三项：
International Organization for economic cooperation and development experts in 2003 October investigation report" OECD on China higher education finance and quality assurance of reform report" on Chinese higher education quality guarantee and the financial reform policy recommendations three:
①扩大高等教育质量管理体系，强调认证标准。
The expansion of the higher education quality management system, highlight certification standard.
②修订学费—贷款制度，更有效地扩大公平、保证质量。
The revision of fees, loan system, effectively expanding equity, quality assurance.
③建议采用一套高效能的高等教育管理信息系统。
The proposal adopts a set of effective higher education management information system.
专家建议建立中国高等教育保证教育过程一致性的质量管理系统机构：
Experts recommended the establishment of Chinese higher education to ensure education process consistency of quality management system mechanism:
——正在实施的监控制度是质量管理的一部分
-- carrying out monitoring system is the part of quality management
——质量管理系统和审计应由具备资格的第三方进行定期审核
Quality management systems -- and audit should be qualified third party audit
——由第三方组织认识过程，尤其推荐ISO10015认证体系，可以避免任何在自我质量管理方式中的一些不可避免的情况。
-- by third party organization cognition process, especially recommended ISO10015 certification system, can avoid any in the self quality management mode in some unavoidable circumstances.
4．ISO9000标准的质量管理原则及特点
The 4.ISO9000 standard quality management principles and characteristics
在2000版ISO9000族标准核心文件中充分体现8项质量管理原则：
In the 2000 edition of the ISO9000 standard core file is fully embodied in the 8 quality management principles:
（1）以顾客为关注焦点；（2）领导作用；（3）全员参与；（4）过程方法；（5）管理的系统方法；（6）持续改进；（7）基于事实的决策方法；（8）与供方互利的关系；
( 1) customer focus; ( 2) leadership; ( 3) full participation; ( 4) process method; ( 5) management systems approach; ( 6) continuous improvement; ( 7) factual approach to decision making; ( 8) mutually beneficial supplier relationships;
ISO9000族标准的主要特点有“三化”、“两性”：（1）规范化。全面系统确定质量方针、目标，建立质量体系，对影响产品质量和服务质量的关键环节及过程实施有效控制，明确部门、人员岗位职责和工作接口。（2）程序化。对保证质量管理所规定的活动和过程，制定相应的工作程序，一切遵照程序实施。（3）文件化。将管理职责、程序和各项管理规范以文件的形式作出规定，行为有依据，结果有记录，便于检查、追溯。（4）预防性。在产品生产的全过程中，管理优先对可能发生的质量问题超前分析，提出预见性防范措施。（5）改进内部和外部审核、及时发现质量管理活动中存在的问题，预以纠正、督促改进，以利于提高。通过第三方认证，确定质量的可靠性和可信性，社会公认性。
ISO9000 standards the main features of" three"," gender": ( 1) standardization. A comprehensive system that determine the quality policy, objectives, the establishment of quality system, product quality and service quality to the influence of the key link and the process of the implementation of effective control, personnel department, clear job responsibilities and working interface. ( 2) programmed. On the quality assurance management provisions of the activities and processes, to formulate the corresponding procedures, all in accordance with the procedures. ( 3) documented. The management responsibilities, procedures and standardize the management to file the form to make a provision, behavior basis, result recorded, convenient inspection, back. ( 4) prophylactic. In the whole process of production, management is preferred for the quality problem that may occur during advanced analysis, proposed anticipatory precautions. ( 5) improved internal and external audit, the timely detection of quality management activities in the problem of existence, to correct, urge improvement, in order to improve. The third party authentication, determine the quality of the reliability and credibility, social recognition.