ISO14000环境管理国际标准基本概念
ISO14000 international standards on environmental management basic concept
标准基本概念
Standard basic concept
　　ISO14000系列标准是国际标准化组织ISO/TC207负责起草的一份国际标准。主要针对所有组织的，强调环境管理一体化污染预防与持续改进的标准。ISO14000是一个系列的环境管理标准，它包括了环境管理体系，环境审核，环境标志，生命周期分析等国际环境管理领域内许多焦点问题，旨在指导各类组织(企业，公司)取得和表现正确的环境行为。ISO14000系列标准共分七个系列，即，环境管理体系(EMS)。环境审核(EA)、环境标志(EL)、环境行为评估(EPE)，生命周期评估(LCA)，术语和定义(T&A)，产品标准中的环境指标。
ISO14000 series standard is international organization for standardization of ISO / TC207 is responsible for the drafting of an international standard. In all tissues, emphasizing the integration of environmental management pollution prevention and continuous improvement of the standard. ISO14000 is a series of environmental management standards, it includes the environmental management system, environmental auditing, environmental labeling, life cycle analysis of international environmental management in the field of many issues, designed to guide organizations ( business, company ) was achieved and the right environmental behavior. ISO14000 series standard is divided into seven series, namely, the environmental management system ( EMS ). Environmental audit ( EA ), environmental labeling (EL ), environmental behavior assessment ( EPE ), life cycle assessment ( LCA ), terms and definitions ( T& A ), environmental aspects of product standards.
　　标准产生背景
Standard background
　　ISO14000系列标准是顺应国际上对环境保护日益重视，强调可持续发展的大趋势而产生的。自本世纪70年代开始，全球普遍意识到工业化大生产以来，人类的生产活动造成的对环境的肆意破坏将导致自然界对人类更无情的报复。从80年代起，美国和西欧的一些公司为了减少污染，提高在公众中的形象以获得商品经营支持，开始建立各自的环境管理方式，这是环境管理体系的雏形。1985年荷兰率先提出建立企业环境管理体系的概念。1988年试行实施，１９９０年进入标准化和许可证制度。同年欧盟在慕尼黑的环境圆桌会议上专门讨论了环境审核问题。英国在BS5750(质量体系标准)基础上，制定BS7750环境管理体系拟法。英国的BS7750和欧盟的环境审核实施后，欧洲的许多国家纷纷开展认证活动，由第三个市以证明企业的环境绩效，这些实践活动奠定了ISO14000系列标准产生的基础。因此，1992年183个国家的代表团，联合国及其下属机构等70个国际组织的代表聚会巴西里约热内卢，召开了联合国环境与发展大会。会议通过和签暑了《里约环境与发展宣言》、《二十一世纪议程》等5个文体，发出了实施可持续发展战略的号召。这次大会的召开，标志着全球谋求可持续发展的时代开始了。各门政府领导，科学家和公众认识到要实现可持续发展的目标，就必须改变工业污染控制的战略，从加强环境管理入手，建立污染预防（清洁生产）的新观念。通过企业的"自我决策、自我控制、自我管理"方式，把环境管理融于企业全面管理之中。为此,国际标准化组织(ISO)于1993年6月组建了环境管理技术委员会(ISO/TL207)，专门开展制定ISO14000环境管理系列标准。其目的是通过在全球范围内实施这套标准，从环境管理和经济发展的结合上去规范企业和社会团体等所有组织的环境行为，最大限度地合理配置和节约资源，减少人类活动对环境的影响，维持和持续改善人类生存与发展的环境。
ISO14000 series standard is to comply with the increasing emphasis on environmental protection, emphasizes the sustainable development in the trend of. From this century 70 time begin, global generally realize industrialization, human production activities caused the wanton destruction of the environment will lead to human nature more ruthless revenge. Since 80 time, the United States and Western companies in order to reduce pollution, improve the public image to get the merchandise management support, begin to establish their own way of environmental management, the environmental management system prototype. In 1985, Holland takes the lead in putting forward to build system of enterprises' environmental management concept. On the implementation of 1990 into 1988, standardization and permit system. The same year the EU in Munich Environmental Roundtable Meeting was devoted to environmental audit. British BS5750 ( quality system standard ) basis, making BS7750 environmental management system fitting method. BS7750 in the UK and EU environmental audit implementation, many European countries have carried out the certification activities, by third, to prove the enterprise environmental performance, these activities laid the foundation of a series of ISO14000 standards. Therefore, in 1992 183 national delegations, the United Nations and its subordinate agencies of 70 international organizations such as the representative of Brazil Rio de Janeiro party, held the UN Conference on environment and development. The conference by and signed the" Rio Declaration on environment and development"," agenda" in twenty-first Century 5 style, making the implementation of sustainable development strategy for. Of this congress hold, marking the global sustainable development era begins. The government leaders, scientists and the public realized that to achieve the goal of sustainable development, we must change the industrial pollution control strategies, from strengthen environmental management, setting up a pollution prevention ( the new concept of clean production ). Through the" self decision, self control, self management" approach, integrating environmental management into the enterprise comprehensive management. To this end, the international organization for Standardization ( ISO ) in 1993 June set up Environmental Management Technical Committee ( ISO / TL207 ), specialized in making ISO14000 series of standards on environmental management. Its purpose is to pass on a global scale implementation of this standard, from the environmental management and economic development according to the enterprise and society, to standardize all organization behavior, utmost ground is reasonable configuration and resource conservation, reduce the human activity effect to the environment, maintain and continually improve the human survival and the development environment.