认证网 检验检测认证机构 建设现代检验检测认证机构的顶层设计
The top-level design certification inspection certification institution building modern inspection certification
检验检测认证是现代服务业的重要组成部分。我国检验检测认证机构尚处于发展初期，一定程度上存在小、散、乱问题，难以适应完善社会主义市场经济体制的要求。为此，《国务院机构改革和职能转变方案》提出，整合业务相同或相近的检验、检测、认证机构。近日，国务院办公厅转发《中央编办、质检总局关于整合检验检测认证机构的实施意见》（以下简称《意见》），提出的总体思路是先部门内整合，再跨部门、跨行业、跨层级整合，逐步推进脱钩改制、鼓励并购重组。《意见》将“整合”作为改革的主要抓手，根本任务在于建立我国现代检验检测认证机构体系，逐步做强做大。
Inspection certification is an important part of modern service industry. Our inspection certification institution is still in the initial stage of development, there are small, scattered, chaotic problems to some extent, it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of perfecting the socialist market economy. Therefore, "proposal" transformation of the institutional reform of the State Council and functions, integration of the same or similar business inspection, testing, certification bodies. Recently, the office of the State Council transmitted "implementation opinions central office, quality inspection administration on the conformity inspection certification bodies" (hereinafter referred to as the "opinions"), the general idea is to integrate the departments, and cross sectoral, cross industry, cross level integration, gradually advance the reform, encourage mergers and acquisitions off the hook. "Opinions" to "integration" as the main means of reform, the fundamental task is to establish modern inspection certification system in China, and gradually grow in size and strength.
  一、现代检验检测认证机构建设的前提是明确功能定位。《意见》提出，进一步理顺政府与市场的关系，科学界定国有检验检测认证机构功能定位。目前，这些机构的主要问题是功能定位模糊，布局结构分散，重复建设严重。政府的监管应界定在安全、健康、环保、反欺诈和维持市场秩序等领域。由于特殊需要，作为政府的检验检测认证机构，也只能围绕这些特定领域提供公共服务，而不应依靠行政权力介入营利性的市场经营性服务。而且这样的机构不能多，必须减少政府直接举办检验检测认证机构的数量。
A modern inspection, testing and certification organizations is the premise of building a clear functional positioning. "Opinions" put forward, relationship between government and the market, science defines the state inspection certification function. At present, the main problem of these institutions is the function positioning fuzzy, layout scattered, repeated construction is serious. The government regulation should be defined in the safety, health, environmental protection, anti fraud and maintaining the market order, etc.. Because of the special need, as the inspection certification institution of the government, also can only focus on the provision of public services in these specific areas, service market and should not rely on the executive power to intervene the for-profit. But this mechanism cannot, number must be reduced government organizing inspection certification.
  二、现代检验检测认证机构必须以市场主体为基础。《意见》提出，要充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，到2015年，基本完成事业单位性质的机构整合，转企改制工作基本到位。检验检测认证机构诞生于市场交易的需要，是买卖双方所必需的第三方质量信用服务，具有鲜明的市场属性和产业特征。虽然少部分机构具有公益性特点而由政府举办，但大部分都是经营性的市场主体。只有当其成为独立的市场主体，才能真正提供公正的质量信用服务，进而实现优胜劣汰。《意见》明确逐步推进检验检测认证机构与主管部门脱钩、转企改制，抓住了机构快速健康发展的关键，那就是要培育一大批合格的市场主体。
Two, modern inspection certification bodies must be subject to market basis. "Opinions" put forward, to fully play a decisive role, the market in the allocation of resources by 2015, basically completed the integration of institution, enterprise restructuring work basically in place. Need inspection certification institution was born in the market, is the sale of third party quality credit services required for both sides, with distinct characteristics of the property market and industry. Although few mechanism has the characteristics of public welfare and hosted by the government, but most of them are the operation of the market main body. Only when they become independent market main body, can really provide a fair quality credit services, and then realize the survival of the fittest. "Opinions" clear gradually promote the inspection certification bodies and agencies, to enterprises, to seize the key mechanism that fast health develops, it is to cultivate a large number of market main body qualification.
  三、现代检验检测认证机构的核心竞争力是提升综合化服务能力。无论是检验检测认证服务，还是计量标准咨询服务，实际上都是为了评价产品的质量水平，具有内在的一致性和系统性，没有计量就没有标准的衡量，没有标准就没有检测的依据，没有检测就没有认证的来源。从企业角度来说，也需要检验检测认证机构提供综合性的质量技术服务。《意见》针对我国检验检测认证机构功能相互割裂的现状，提出发展区域性综合检验检测机构，县（市）机构原则上整合为综合性检验检测机构，这不仅将避免重复建设，更重要的是通过优化资源配置提高机构核心竞争能力。
Three, the core competitiveness of modern inspection certification institution is to promote the comprehensive service ability. Both the inspection certification services, or measurement standards advisory services, in fact is to evaluate quality level of products, with consistency and system inside, no measurement is not standard, there is no standard there is no basis for detecting the source, not detected no authentication. From the angle of the enterprise, also need inspection certification institutions to provide comprehensive quality services. "Opinions" status for certification bodies function of our inspection separated from each other, put forward the development of regional comprehensive inspection agencies, county (city) institutions integrated into comprehensive inspection and testing institutions, this will not only avoid duplicate construction, more important is through optimizing the allocation of resources to enhance the core competitiveness of institutions.
  四、现代检验检测认证机构的发展趋势是大集团间的国际化竞争。我国的检验检测认证机构目前面临着国际同类机构的严峻挑战，SGS和BV等国际大集团年营业收入都突破300亿元人民币的规模。检验检测认证机构的服务实质上是质量信用的提供，而质量信用的基础则是提供者的规模和品牌。我国目前的检验检测认证机构基本上不能向服务对象提供全球的规模化服务，更没有承载质量信用的品牌。对此，《意见》提出要到2020年，培育一批技术能力强、服务水平高、规模效益好、具有一定国际影响力的检验检测认证集团。整合就是要站在国家利益的角度，组建能参与国际竞争、具有国际影响力的本土化的中国质量服务集团，打造世界知名品牌，服务中国，走向世界。
Four development trend, modern inspection certification bodies are groups of international competition. Inspection certification bodies in our country is faced with severe challenges of similar international institutions, such as SGS and BV International Group's annual business income breaks through 30000000000 yuan RMB in scale. The essence of certification bodies, inspection services on quality credit supply, and the basic quality credit is the provider of scale and brand. China's current inspection certification bodies basically can not provide service to the global scale of service object, no bearing quality credit brand. In this regard, "opinions" put forward by 2020, test certification group to cultivate a batch of technical ability, high level of service, better economies of scale, have some international influence. Integration is to stand in the perspective of national interest, set up to participate in the international competition, has the international influence of the localization of the Chinese quality services, to create the world famous brand, service Chinese, towards the world.
  五、现代检验检测认证机构需要创新政府管理体制。我国现有两万多家检验检测认证机构，行业壁垒较多，条块分割明显，缺乏对这些机构的统一规划、有效监管。因而，《意见》提出要打破部门垄断和行业壁垒，清理相关政策法规，有序开放市场，营造各类主体公平竞争的市场环境，进而优化政府促进检验检测认证机构良性发展的制度环境。
Five, modern inspection certification institution needs the innovation of government management system. Our existing more than 20000 inspection certification bodies, industry barriers are more obvious, fragmentation, lack of unified planning, effective supervision on these institutions. Therefore, "opinions" put forward to break down departmental monopoly and industry barriers, cleaning up the relevant policies and regulations, orderly open market, to create all kinds of subjects of the market environment of fair competition, and optimize the government institutional environment to promote the benign development of the inspection and certification bodies.
  《意见》按照全面深化改革的要求，以整合为主要手段，对我国建立现代检验检测认证机构进行了顶层设计，必将使检验检测认证机构成为我国市场信用的可靠提供者，成为我国社会主义市场经济体制的重要技术支撑体系。
"Opinions" in accordance with the requirements of comprehensive reform, in the integration as the main means, to build modern inspection certification institution in China is the top design, will make the inspection certification institution to become a reliable provider in China market credit, as an important system of our country socialist market economy system.
认证网 检验检测认证机构 建设现代检验检测认证机构的顶层设计
The top-level design certification inspection certification institution building modern inspection certification