OHSAS18000认证中的危害因素分类
OHSAS18000 certification in hazard classification
按GB/T13861——92《生产过程危险和危害因素分类与代码》的规定，将危害因素主要分为6类，即：物理性危害因素，化学性危害因素，生物性危害因素，心理、生理性危害因素，行为性危害因素和其他危害因素。
According to GB / T13861 -- 92" production process risk and hazard classification and code" provisions, the hazard factors are divided into 6 categories, namely: physical hazards, chemical hazards, biological hazard factors, psychological, physiological hazard factors, behavioral risk factors and other harmful factors.
a) 物理性危害因素：
A ) physical hazards factors:
——设备、设施缺陷（强度不够、稳定性差、密封不良、外形缺陷、外露运动体、制动器缺陷、控制器缺陷、设备设施其他缺陷）；
Equipment, facility -- defects ( not enough strength, stability is poor, poor sealing, shape blemish, exposed moving body defect, defect, brake controller, equipment and facilities other defects );
——防护缺陷（无防护、防护装置和设施缺陷、防护不当、防护距离不够等）；
Defects -- Protection ( without protection, protective equipment and facilities, inadequate protection, protection distance defect etc. );
——电危害（带电部位裸露、漏电、雷电、静电、点火花等）；
-- electrical hazards ( live parts exposed, leakage of electricity, lightning, electrostatic, spark etc.);
——噪声危害（机械性噪声、空气动力性噪声、电磁性噪声等）；
-- noise hazard ( mechanical noise, air dynamic noise, electromagnetic noise, etc.);
——振动危害（机械性振动、电磁性振动、流体动力性振动等）；
-- vibration hazards ( mechanical vibration, electromagnetic vibration, hydrodynamic vibration etc. );
——电磁辐射（电离辐射：X射线、r射线、α粒子、β粒子、质子、中子、高能电子束；非电离辐射：紫外线、激光、射频辐射、超高压电场；非电离辐射：紫外线、激光、射频辐射、超高压电场）；
-- electromagnetic radiation ( ionizing radiation: X rays, R rays, alpha particles, beta particles, protons, neutrons, high-energy electron beam; non ionizing radiation: ultraviolet light, laser, radiofrequency radiation, ultra high voltage electric field; non ionizing radiation: ultraviolet light, laser, radiofrequency radiation, ultra high voltage electric field );
——运动物危害（固体抛射物、液体飞溅物、反弹物、堆料垛滑动、气流卷动、冲击地压等）；
-- motion hazard ( solid projectiles, liquid splash, rebound, stack stack sliding, rolling, airflow impact ground pressure etc.);
——明火（电焊等）；
-- Fire ( welding etc. );
——能造成灼伤的高温物质（高温气体、高温固体、高温液体等）；
-- can cause burns high temperature material ( high temperature gas, high temperature, high temperature solid liquid etc.);
——能造成冻伤的低温物质（低温气体、低温固体、低温液体等）；
-- can cause frostbite cold material ( low temperature gas, solid, liquid etc. );
——粉尘与气溶胶（不包括爆炸性、有毒性粉尘与气溶胶）；
-- dust and aerosol ( excluding explosive, toxic dust and aerosols);
——作业环境不良（作业环境不良、基础下沉、安全过道缺陷、采光照明不良、有害光照、通风不良、缺氧、空气质量不良、给排水不良、涌水、强迫体位、气温过高、气压过低、高温高湿、自然灾害等）；
-- work environment ( work environment, foundation subsidence, defect, safety corridor lighting illumination, ventilation bad, bad, bad, bad quality of hypoxic air, water supply and drainage water gushing, adverse, forced posture, high temperature, low pressure, high temperature and high humidity, natural disasters );
——信号缺陷（无信号设施、信号位置不当、信号不清、信号显示不准等）；
-- signaling defects ( no signal facilities, signal, signal is not clear, the incorrect position signal display no etc.);
——标志缺陷（无标志、标志不清楚、标志不规范、标志选用不当、标志位置缺陷等）；
-- mark defect ( logo, sign is not clear, mark is non-standard, mark, mark the location defects, improper selection );
——其他物理性危害因素。
-- other physical hazards.
b) 化学性危害因素：
B ) chemical hazard factors:
——易燃易爆性物质（易燃易爆性气（液、固）体、易燃易爆性粉尘与气溶胶等）；
-- the flammable and explosive substances ( flammable and explosive gas ( liquid, solid), flammable and explosive dust and aerosol etc.);
——自燃性物质（白磷等）；
-- spontaneous combustible substance ( such as white phosphorus );
——有毒物质（有毒气（液、固）体、有毒粉尘与气溶胶等）；
-- toxic substances ( toxic gas ( liquid, solid, toxic dust and aerosols ) body etc.);
——腐蚀性物质（腐蚀性气（液、固）体）；
-- corrosive substances ( corrosive gas ( liquid, solid) body );
——其他化学危害因素。
-- other chemical hazards.
c) 生物性危害因素
C ) biological hazard factors
——致病微生物（细菌、病毒、其他致病微生物）；
-- pathogenic microorganisms ( bacteria, viruses, and other pathogenic microorganisms );
——传染病媒介物；
-- infectious agents;
——致害动物；
-- harm animals;
——致害植物；
-- the damage caused by the plant;
——其他生物性危害因素。
-- other biological hazard factors.
d) 心理、生理性危害因素
D ) psychological, physiological hazard factors
——负荷超限（体力负荷超限、听力负荷超限、视力负荷超限、其他）；
Load limit -- ( physical load limit load limit load, hearing, sight gauge, other );
——健康情况异常；
-- health abnormalities;
——从事禁忌作业；
-- in the taboo operation;
——心理异常（情绪异常、冒险心理、过度紧张、其他）；
-- psychological abnormalities ( emotional abnormality, the psychology of adventure, excessive tension, other );
——辩识功能缺陷（感知延迟、辩识错误、其他辩识功能缺陷）；
-- identification function defects ( perceptual latency, identification error, other identification function defect );
——其他心理、生理性危害因素。
-- other psychological, physiological hazard factors.
e) 行为性危害因素
E ) behavioral risk factors
——指挥错误（指挥失误、违章指挥、其他指挥错误）；
-- command ( command failure, illegal command, other command error );
——错误失误（误操作、违章作业、其他操作失误）；
-- error error ( error operation, exercise of violate the rules and regulations, other operation errors );
——监护失误（未执行拉合闸制度、未执行双人双锁制度）；
-- care errors (not performed a closing system, did not perform the double lock system );
——其他行为性危害因素。
-- other behavioral risk factors.
f) 其他危害因素
F ) the other risk factors