ISO14001认证审核中审核员应充分理解、掌握审核依据
ISO14001 certification audit the auditor should fully understand, grasp the audit basis
大家都知道，目前进行第三方认证审核的审核依据有“ISO14001：1996标准，组织所编制的符合ISO14001标准的体系文件，包括环境管理体系手册、程序文件和作业指导书；适用组织的法律和其它要求，在文件审核时主要的审核依据为ISO14001标准和适用的法律和其它要求，在现场审核时主要的审核依据为组织所编制的符合ISO14001标准的体系文件，当然最终的审核依据为ISO14001标准，审核员有充分适宜地根据审核依据来进行认证审核，才能保证审核质量并回避审核风险。
As we all know, there are third party certification audit audit on the basis of a" ISO14001: 1996 standard, the organization developed in line with the ISO14001 standard system files, including environmental management system manual, procedures and work instructions; applicable legal and other requirements of the organization, in the file when the audit main audit according to ISO14001 standard and applicable laws and other requirements, in the audit main audit basis for the organization developed in line with the ISO14001 standard system files, of course the final audit according to ISO14001 standard, the auditor has sufficient appropriate audit evidence according to the accreditation review, to ensure audit quality and avoid the audit risk.
下面谈变审核员的审核依据方面应当注意的问题：
Below talk became auditor's audit evidence should pay attention to the problem:
1、 审核依据选用要充分
In 1, according to the full selection of audit
审核员在进行审核时候，需将组织应遵守的“法律和其它要求”考虑完全，组织在建立和实施环境管理体系的过程中可能没有遵守所有其应遵守的法律和其它标，有的组织认为只要出具了三同时报告（即建设项目骏工验收报告），环境影响评价报告，水气声环境监测报告等材料就证明组织已经遵守环境法律法规的要求，其实这并不充分，在组织的环境影响评价报告及三同时报告中环保行政部门针对该组织的实际情况提出的环境保护方面的措施或环境管理方面的要求也是组织应遵守的规定，这些措施或要求也应作为审核员审核该组织的依据之一。
The auditor in the audit the organization shall comply with the time, the" legal and other requirements" consider completely, organization in the establishment and implementation of environmental management system in the process may not comply with all its should comply with the law and other non-standard, some groups believe only issued three reports at the same time ( namely the construction of the project acceptance report, Chun ) environmental impact assessment report, water environmental monitoring reports and other materials that organizations have to comply with environmental laws and regulations requirement, this is not sufficient, in the organization's environmental impact assessment report and environmental protection administrative department in three at the same time report for the organization of the actual situation proposed the environmental protection measures and environmental management requirements are organized shall comply with the provisions of these measures or requirements, should also be an auditor audit the organization on the basis of one.
笔者曾到一家机械加工企业审核，该公司周围皆为居民生活区，主要的环境影响来自冲压车间的噪音，该公司通过集中噪声源，冲压车床增设减振器，车间墙上铺设微穿孔板吸声材料等措施对噪声污染加以控制，监测报告上显示，该公司的噪声排放水平虽然低于排放标准，但与排放标准非常接近，且公司击围皆为居民区，若不加强管理，就会造成噪声排放超标扰民，环保局在该公司的三同时报告中提出：   A、冲压车间生产进间应控制在8:00-12:00，13:30-18:00；B、冲压时应关闭车间的门窗，但是该公司并未将三同时报告中的要求体现在公司噪声污染的控制中，公司制定的噪声污染控制程序中没有对生产时间和关闭窗予以规定，实际工作中也没有执行上述要求，这些事实表明该组织极有可能存在噪声排放超标的情况（事后的监测结果表明，若不执行A和B的要求，三次监测中有两次超标），一般而言，环境影响评价报告或三同时报告中环保行政主管部门提出的要求都是从技术上或管理保证该组织的环境行为达到环境法律法规的要求，若组织不严格执行环境影响评价报告或三同时报告中的要求，就不能完全保证组织的活动、产品或服务符合法律法规的要求。
The author ever to a mechanical processing enterprises audit, the company all around for the residents living area, the main environmental impact from stamping workshop noise, the company through centralized noise source, stamping lathe add shock absorber, workshop wall laying micro-perforated sound absorption material and other measures for noise pollution control, monitoring report shows, the noise emission level although company than the emission standards and emission standards, but are very close, and the company hit in all residential, if not strengthen management, will cause noise emission nuisance, the environmental protection agency in the company of three simultaneously presented in the report: A, stamping workshop production into the room should be controlled at 8 : 00-12: 13: 00, 30-18 : 00; B, stamping should be closed shop windows, but the company did not report three at the same time requirements embodied in the company of the control of noise pollution, noise pollution control program established by the company not to the production time and close the window to be provided, practical work also did not perform the above requirements these facts indicate that the organization, very possible noise emission scenarios ( after the monitoring results show that, if not performing A and B requirements, three monitoring There are two standard ), generally speaking, the environmental impact assessment report or three simultaneous report administrative departments of environmental protection requirements are from a technical or management to ensure the organization behavior to achieve the requirements of environmental laws and regulations, if the organization does not strictly implement the environmental impact assessment report or three simultaneous report request, on the no guarantee of an organization's activities, products or services meet the requirements of laws and regulations.