中国罗非鱼被评不合格 国际NGO认证或成新壁垒
Chinese tilapia is judged not qualified international NGO certification or into new barriers
11月初在南宁举办的第八届中国罗非鱼产业论坛上，一则关于世界自然基金会(下称WWF)将中国养殖罗非鱼初步评级为浅红(即不合格)的消息令行业人士高度关注。 
11 early in the eighth session held in Nanning China tilapia industry forum, the World Wide Fund for nature ( hereinafter referred to as the WWF ) will be China tilapia preliminary rating red (i.e. unqualified ) to make the news industry attention.
WWF是全球最具影响力的非政府环保组织之一，其评级结果对全球水产品贸易商有重大影响。据介绍，评价结果分为如下等级，大于9分评级为深绿，推荐全球消费市场选用；8-4分评级为浅绿，建议使用；3-(-2)分评级为黄色或橙色，不排斥也不推荐；(-10)-(-3)分评级为浅红，不推荐使用。 
WWF is the world's most influential non-governmental environmental protection organizations, the ratings of global aquatic product traders have a significant impact on. According to introducing, evaluation result is divided into the following grades, more than 9 rating for the dark green, recommend the global consumer choice; 8-4 rating is light green, recommend the use of 3- ( -2 ); branch ratings for yellow or orange, not exclusion is not recommended; ( -10 ) - ( -3 ) points rating red, not recommended the use of.
昨日，南方农村报《农财宝典》记者了解到最新消息，经过新一轮交涉，目前WWF已不再坚持“浅红色”评级，而准备修改原有的评价标准。 
Yesterday, the southern rural newspaper " farming money. " the reporter understands the latest news, after a new round of negotiation, at present WWF already no longer adhere to the " red " rating, and prepared to modify the original evaluation criteria.
中国企业将参与标准制订 
Chinese enterprises will participate in the standard setting
11月18日，一场旨在推进水产养殖管理委员会(ASC)罗非鱼标准的研讨会在北京召开。这次会议由中国水产流通与加工协会(以下简称中国流加协会)联合世界自然基金会(WWF)举办。针对WWF的评级结果，中国流加协会之前已提出，WWF应该更全面了解中国罗非鱼产业，同时不能否认其它国际组织的评定(此前其他国际相关认证均未对中国罗非鱼评级为不合格)，要求推迟发布结果，并做进一步交涉。 
In November 18th, a campaign to promote aquaculture management committee ( ASC ) of standard seminar held in Beijing. This conference by Chinese aquatic products processing and Marketing Association ( hereinafter referred to as China adds Association ) combined with the World Wide Fund for nature ( WWF ) held. According to the WWF rating results, China and before the associations have been proposed, WWF should be more comprehensive understanding of Chinese tilapia industry, at the same time can't deny other international organization to assess ( prior to other relevant international certification were not Chinese tilapia ratings for unqualified ), requirements to delay the release of results, and making further representations.
WWF中国代表处海洋项目高级官员王松林告诉《农财宝典》记者，在WWF推动下，目前ASC已经独立运作，此次会议的主要目的是向中国水产企业介绍ASC，并促进ASC在中国大面积实施做准备。王松林透露，之前对中国养殖罗非鱼“浅红”的评级，是WWF在欧洲的机构做出的。他认为，中国罗非鱼产业很大，在判定“浅红”的过程中，评判者未能对产业做全面了解，和中国方面沟通也不充分。他希望，由中国流加协会牵头，组织中国水产企业与ASC交涉，参与新标准的制订。 
WWF China Representative Office of marine officer Wang Songlin told reporters. " " farming money, in the WWF drive, ASC has currently operate independently, the main purpose of the conference is to Chinese aquatic product enterprise introduces ASC, ASC and promotion in China large area is carried out to prepare. Wang Songlin said, before the Chinese tilapia " reddish " rating, is WWF in the European institutions to make. He thinks, China tilapia industry greatly, in the judgment of " red " in the process, the judges failed to make a comprehensive understanding of industry of China, and communication are not sufficient. He hoped that, by China and association to take the lead, the organization of Chinese aquatic product enterprise and ASC representations, to participate in the new standard.
虽然经过中国流加协会斡旋，评级结果最终未公布，但潜在风险不可忽视。据介绍，只要被评级低于黄色或橙色，即便个别企业再优秀，在WWF看来，“中国罗非鱼”也是不合格产品。以WWF的影响力，结果一旦公布，对严重依赖出口的中国罗非鱼产业来说，无疑是重大打击。 
After China adds Association mediation, the rating results ultimately unpublished, but potential risks can not be ignored. According to the introduction, as long as the ratings below yellow or orange, even individual enterprises outstanding, according to WWF, " Chinese tilapia " is unqualified products. WWF influence, results once released, on heavily dependent on exports of Chinese tilapia industry, is a major blow.
ASC为何有这么大影响力 
Why ASC is so influential
时下各种认证，对于水产出口企业来说并不陌生。例如施行时间较久、范围相当广泛的HACCP体系就和水产出口息息相关，以进入美国市场为例，通过HACCP认证是先决条件之一。 
Nowadays various certification, for the aquatic product export enterprises is not strange. For example the implementation time is longer, the broad range of HACCP system and export aquatic products to enter the American market is closely related to, for example, through the HACCP certification is one of preconditions.
目前，中国企业的HACCP认证由国家认证认可监督管理委员会统一管理，其下属机构中国国家进出口企业认证认可委员会(CNAB)负责HACCP认证机构认可工作的实施。而目前的趋势是，养殖水产品可持续认证越来越成为主流，很多认证出自非官方的NGO组织，但却有着非凡的影响力。
At present, Chinese enterprises HACCP certification by the national certification and Accreditation Administration unified management, its subordinate bodies in China Import and export enterprises of national certification and Accreditation Committee ( CNAB ) is responsible for the work of the implementation of HACCP certification body accreditation. The current trend is sustainable, aquatic product certification has increasingly become the mainstream, many certification from the unofficial NGO organization, but they have extraordinary influence.
ASC正属此类，它由WWF发起推动，《农财宝典》记者从ASC官方网站上看到，在其“Supporters(支持者)”一项中，有20多个组织或企业，其中有不少是德国、加拿大、英国、荷兰等西方国家最大型的水产品流通商，他们均认可ASC的评级结果。 
ASC is belongs to this category, it is initiated by the WWF drive, " farming money. " reporter from the ASC official website to see, in its " Supporters ( supporters) " a, there are more than 20 organizations or enterprises, many of which are Germany, Canada, Britain, Holland and other western countries with the largest circulation of aquatic products business, they were recognized by the ASC rating results.
另一名为“持续渔业伙伴组织”(SFP)的NGO，其“Partners(合作伙伴)”也有包括麦当劳、沃尔玛、Woolworths(澳大利亚最大的食品零售商)在内的20多个零售业巨头。 
Another name for " sustainable fisheries partnership " ( SFP ) NGO, the " Partners ( partner ) " also includes Macdonald, WAL-MART, Woolworths ( Australia's largest food retailer ) including more than 20 retail giants.
此外，来自欧洲零售商农产品工作组的GAP(良好农业规范)和来自水产养殖认证委员会的BAP(最严谨的水产养殖规范)更是在欧洲和美国水产品贸易中有着重要影响。其中BAP被美国FDA选为水产品认证第三方合作伙伴，经过BAP认证的工厂的产品才能直接进入美国市场。 
In addition, from Euro retailer produce working group of the GAP ( good agricultural practice ) and from aquaculture Certification Committee BAP ( the most stringent aquaculture specification ) is in Europe and the United States in the aquatic product trade plays an important role. BAP is the United States FDA chosen for aquatic product certification third party partners, after BAP certified factory products can directly enter the American market.
正是由于契合了消费者对食品安全和可持续发展理念的追求，这些组织及其标准对消费市场具有举足轻重的影响力。ASC背后的推动者WWF，更是1961年就已成立，在全世界拥有将近520万支持者和在100多个国家有着活跃网络的国际性NGO组织。 
It is due to the consumers of food security and sustainable development concept of the pursuit, the organization and its standards for the consumer market with the play a decisive role influence. The promoters behind WWF ASC, was established in 1961, the whole world has nearly 5200000 supporters and in more than 100 countries have active network international NGO organization.
生产实际与认证要求差距大 
The actual production and certification requirements gap
纵观上述认证，标准条款繁多，核心均离不开“安全、可持续、环保、节能”等字眼。具体到罗非鱼，ASC官方网站上有如下描述：持续增长的罗非鱼需求，使很多养殖者从“可持续生产”类型变成了“受出口驱动”类型，目前罗非鱼养殖容易造成的影响有5个方面，过度投喂导致水质污染、大量占用土地和水源、养殖排水污染、非罗非鱼原产国的生态入侵危机、社会经济效益影响等，而ASC所制订的一系列复杂的认证标准，也大致围绕怎样控制以上影响而开展。它不仅对水产品食用安全有明确要求，而且对养殖产业的可持续发展情况，甚至对从业者的待遇等等都有要求。正如业内人士所言，不仅要吃鱼，还要吃安全的鱼，同时要确保这种鱼的捕捞和养殖不会危及子孙后代吃鱼。 
All above certification, standard terms are the core, are inseparable from the " safety, environmental protection, energy saving and sustainable, " and other words. Specific to tilapia, ASC official website there are described as follows: continuous growth of tilapia demand, make a lot of farmers from the " sustainable " type became " by export drive " type, the culture of tilapia easily influence 5 aspects, excessive feeding led to water pollution, occupation of land and water, aquaculture water pollution, non originated country ecological invasion crisis, social economic influence, while the ASC developed a complex series of certification standards, generally around how to control the influence of above. It is not only the safety of aquatic product edible clear, but also on the culture industry's sustainable development, even for practitioners treatment and so on are required. As the industry said, should not only eat fish, eat fish is safe, but also to ensure that the fish catch and breed does not endanger offspring eating fish.
据最新情况，经过新一轮交涉，目前WWF已不再坚持“浅红”评级，而准备修改原有的评价标准。但事实上，就目前中国罗非鱼养殖现状而言，还存在很多问题，例如混养盛行、过度投喂、病害盛行、药物滥用、污水乱排等等，不少基层人士说，拿各种认证标准一一对比，现实和规定“一个在地下，一个在天上”。 
According to the new situation, after a new round of negotiation, at present WWF already no longer adhere to the " pink " rating, and prepared to modify the original evaluation criteria. But in fact, the current Chinese culture in terms of the current situation, there are still many problems, such as excessive refeeding, polyculture, prevalence of disease prevalence, drug abuse, sewage everywhere row and so on, a lot of grass said, take a variety of certification standards one one contrast, reality and regulations " in a subterranean, one is in the sky ".
有业内人士提出，各种认证条款的制订，都是以产业化、标准化生产为前提。但由于我国农业生产力水平相对落后、产业结构不合理、监管缺失等多种原因，理想化的设计难以符合中国的生产实际，强行实施并无益于问题的解决。这需要中国企业与国际NGO组织加强沟通。 
People in the industry, a variety of certification in terms of the formulation, is with industrialization, standardization production is the premise. But because level of productivity of our country agriculture is relatively backward, industrial structure is unreasonable, lack of supervision and so on many kinds of reasons, the idealized design to accord with China's actual production, the imposition of is not the solution to the problem. This requires China's enterprises and the international NGO organization to strengthen communication.
此种情况不只中国存在，就在对中国罗非鱼做出“浅红”评级之前，WWF也对越南巴沙鱼做出同样评级。但后来经越南政府出面交涉，最终修正为“黄色”。 
This situation not only exists in China, China tilapia to make " reddish " rating, WWF also on Vietnam Basa make the same rating. But later the Vietnam government representations, the final amendment for " yellow ".
对于各种国际认证，业界也有不同声音。此前，北京海桥市场推广有限公司董事长樊旭兵曾撰文提出，BAP和GAP等认证是“挟消费者以令天下”，一旦通过可持续标准，便掌握了全球消费者的话语权，就可以通过收取每年证书使用费的方式，轻松获得持续不断的收入，还可以以不符合可持续捕捞/养殖的某些要求为理由，以另外的非关税壁垒方式，阻止中国产品出口。
For a variety of international certification, the industry also have different voices. Prior to this, Beijing Sea Bridge Marketing Limited company president Fan Xubing had presented to the author, BAP and GAP certification is the "with the consumer to make the world ", once through sustainable standard, can control the global consumer discourse right, can receive annual certificate fee mode, to easily obtain continuous income, but also to unsustainable fishing / Breeding certain requirements for the reason, to another non-tariff barriers, stop the export of Chinese products.
中国罗非鱼被评不合格 国际NGO认证或成新壁垒
Chinese tilapia is judged not qualified international NGO certification or into new barriers