ISO14001:2004环境管理体系认证与环境保护
ISO14001: 2004 environmental management system certification and environmental protection
1996年，国际标准化组织（ISO）颁布了ISO14001、ISO14004等5个标准，同年，被我国等同转化为国家标准。原国家环境保护局适时组织开展环境管理体系试点认证工作，建立了中国环境管理体系认证制度。
In 1996, the international organization for Standardization ( ISO ) issued ISO14001, ISO14004 5 standard, the same year, China was equated into national standards. The State Environmental Protection Bureau timely organization environmental management system certification work to establish a Chinese pilot, environmental management system certification system.
　　ISO14000系列标准是一套体现可持续发展思想的先进的管理标准，同时也是实施清洁生产的具体方法和手段，实施该标准的根本目的，是通过它与贸易的紧密联系，吸引和引导企业自愿建立环境管理体系并有效实施，提高企业或组织的环境管理水平，减少污染物产生与排放，合理利用能源、资源，最终改善区域环境质量状况。
ISO14000 series standard is a set of sustainable development thought of the advanced management standard, but also the implementation of clean production in the specific methods and means of implementing the standard, fundamental purpose, through which it is closely associated with trade, attract and guide enterprises to establish voluntary environmental management system and effective implementation of enterprises or organizations, improving environmental management level, reduce the production and discharge of pollutants, the rational use of energy, resources, and ultimately improve regional environmental quality status.
　　ISO14000标准对我国环保和可持续发展工作起到了推动作用
The ISO14000 standard of China's environmental protection and sustainable development has played a role in promoting
　　10年来ISO14000标准的推行和环境管理体系认证的管理实践证明，它的实施对于推动我国环境保护工作、促进可持续发展有较大作用。其作用主要体现3个方面。
10 years ISO14000 standard implementation and environmental management system certification management practice has proved, it is implemented to promote the work of environmental protection in China, and promote the sustainable development of. Its function mainly embodied in 3 aspects.
　　一是促进企业实施可持续发展战略。ISO14000系列标准强调从加强环境管理入手,促使企业把环境保护纳入其总体管理方针与目标,充分考虑其活动、产品或服务的各个环节所包含的环境因素,找出具有重大环境影响的因素,控制并降低其环境负面影响。它为促使企业充分、合理地利用资源与能源,保证在最低消耗下来完成其生产或活动过程,为企业降低成本、减少废物产生与污染物排放提供了一套系统的管理工具。正确实施ISO14000系列标准和环境管理体系认证，有效地推动了我国可持续发展战略的实施，促进了环境与经济的协调发展。
One is to promote the enterprises to implement the strategy of sustainable development. ISO14000 series standard stress from strengthen environmental management, urges the enterprise to put environmental protection into the overall management policy and target, take full account of its activities, products or services that each link place contains environmental factors have a significant impact on the environment, find out the factors, control and reduce its negative environmental impact. It is to urge a company adequately, reasonable use resource and the sources of energy, to ensure the minimum consumption down to complete the production process or activity, for enterprises to reduce costs, reduce waste generation and emission of pollutants with a set of system management tool. The correct implementation of the ISO14000 series of standards and environmental management system certification, effectively promote China's sustainable development strategy, promote the coordinated development of environment and economy.
　　二是推动了清洁生产的发展。清洁生产是走可持续发展之路和使经济与环境协调发展的重要手段。我国《清洁生产促进法》规定，超标和超总量的企业、使用和排放有毒有害物质的企业都必须强制实施清洁生产审核。在近期,提高原材料、能源利用率,在生产过程中预防污染的产生,实行生产全过程控制是实施清洁生产战略的目标。建立和运行环境管理体系则为这一目标的实现提供了制度上的保障。ISO14001从管理体系的高度强调了污染预防,在环境方针、环境因素识别和评价、运行控制、纠正与预防措施等体系要素中都贯穿了污染预防的原则。按照这一原则建立起的环境管理系统,推动企业从根本上实现污染预防和环境行为的持续改进，推动了企业开发清洁产品、采用清洁工艺、采用高效设备、综合利用废物的工作。
Two is to promote the development of cleaner production. Clean production is to take the road of sustainable development and the economic and environmental coordinated development important means. Our country" Cleaner Production Promotion Law" regulation, standard and super-aggregate enterprises use and emissions of toxic and harmful substances, the enterprise must the mandatory implementation of cleaner production audit. In the near future, improve raw material and energy utilization rate, in the production process to prevent pollution, carrying out whole process control is to implement cleaner production strategy. The establishment and operation of the environmental management system for the implementation of this one target system provides the security. ISO14001 from the management system of highly stressed in pollution prevention, environmental policy, environmental factors identification and evaluation, operation control, corrective and preventive measures of system elements are through pollution prevention principle. In accordance with the principles of establishing the environmental management system, promote enterprise fundamentally realizes the pollution prevention and environmental behavior of continuous improvement, promote enterprise development and cleaning products, the use of cleaning process, using high-performance equipment, comprehensive utilization of waste work.
　　三是通过深化环境管理,协调政府职能与企业自主管理的关系。ISO14000系列标准要求企业将遵守环境保护法律、法规的承诺纳入其环境方针,作为企业活动的指导思想。这就将环境守法行为变被动执行为主动遵守。
The three is through the deepening of environmental management, coordination of the functions of government and enterprise relationship. ISO14000 series standards of the enterprise will abide by environmental protection laws, regulations and commitment into its environmental policy, business activities as the guiding ideology. This environmental law-abiding behavior change passive implementation as follow.
　　各级环保部门在推进ISO14000系列标准工作中，积极研究我国现行的环保制度如环境影响评价、“三同时”制度等与ISO14000标准实施的结合问题，其中部分研究成果已经在日常的环境管理工作中予以推行。例如，曾经广泛实施的由地方环保行政主管部门为环境管理体系认证企业出具环境保护守法证明，设立现场观察员等措施，为中国的环境管理体系认证的规范发展起到了有效的促进作用，也是认证工作与日常环境保护行政管理、行政执法有机结合的良好范例。
Environmental protection departments at all levels in advancing ISO14000 series of standard work, a positive study of China's existing environmental protection system such as environmental impact assessment, the "three simultaneous" system and the implementation of ISO14000 standards the binding problem, some research results have been in the daily environment management to carry out. For example, have been widely implemented by local environmental protection administrative department for environmental management system certification enterprises issued by the environmental protection law, set the scene for the observer and other measures, for China's environmental management system certification standard development has played an effective role in promoting, and certification work and daily environmental protection administration, administrative law enforcement the organic combination of good sample.
　　ISO14000国家示范区创建工作，是国际认证标准与中国环境保护工作紧密结合的成功创举
ISO14000 national demonstration zone construction, is the international certification standards and environmental protection of China working closely with successful pioneering work
　　自从1999年启动ISO14000国家示范区创建活动以来，已经批准的32个示范区，在科学管理、经济发展、社会进步、环境质量改善、提升区域国际竞争力等方面都发挥了重要的示范作用。
Since the 1999 start ISO14000 national demonstration zone created since the activity, has approved 32 demonstration areas, in the scientific management, economic development, social progress, improve the environmental quality, enhance the international competition of region plays an important role model.
　　ISO14000国家示范区创建工作是ISO14000管理体系与中国环境保护工作相结合，在区域环境管理方面的一种创新，创建示范区工作不仅促进了区域经济的持续增长，还带动了周边地区经济的发展。环境质量作为ISO14000国家示范区创建条件重要指标之一，示范区在创建过程中都给予了高度重视，不仅制定了目标、指标和管理方案，强化了对污染源的控制管理，而且还拨专款用于污染防治项目，各区环境质量持续改善，都达到和超过了环境质量标准的要求。良好的环境质量，给示范区带来了可观的环境效益和经济效益。
ISO14000 national demonstration zone building work is ISO14000 management system and Chinese environmental protection work in combination, regional environmental management aspects of a kind of innovation, create the demonstration area will not only promote the sustainable growth of regional economy, also drove the development of circumjacent region economy. Environmental quality as ISO14000 national demonstration zone, one of the important indexes to create conditions, demonstration zone in the process of creating gave height to take seriously, not only developed a objectives, indicators and management plan, to strengthen the control of pollution source management, but also allocated funds for the pollution control project, the continuous improvement of environmental quality, meet and exceed the environmental quality standards. Good quality of the environment, to the demonstration zone has brought considerable economic and environmental benefits.
　　创建工作的实施，丰富和充实了开发区环境管理的手段，使开发区、风景名胜区等环境管理由单纯强制指令型逐步向强制指令型和指导参与型结合的管理方式发展，做到政府管理、企业参与，变被动治理为主动防治，形成自我约束、自我完善的新机制，对优化管理资源配置、降低管理成本，提高管理效率，加快开发区及风景名胜区等环境管理国际化进程具有积极的推动作用。
Create a working implementation, enriches the Development Zone environmental management means, the Development Zone, scenic spots such as environmental management by simply forced instruction gradually to the mandatory instruction and guidance to participate in type with the management development, make government management, enterprise participation, change from passive management to active prevention, self restraint, forming self perfection of the new mechanism of management, optimization of resource allocation, reduce management costs, improve management efficiency, speed up the development of area and scenic spots such as environmental management internationalization process has a positive role in promoting.
　　环境管理体系认证紧密围绕我国的环境保护工作
Environmental management system certification closely around the environmental protection work in China
　　我国环境保护近20多年来取得了积极进展，但环境保护的形势依然严峻：主要污染物排放量超过环境承载能力，许多城市空气污染严重，持久性有机污染物的危害开始显现，土壤污染面积扩大，近岸海域污染加剧，核辐射环境安全存在隐患。发达国家上百年工业化过程中分阶段出现的环境问题，在我国近20多年来集中出现。未来15年，我国人口将继续增加，经济总量将再翻两番，资源、能源消耗持续增长，环境保护面临的压力越来越大。
Environmental protection in China in recent 20 years has made positive progress, but the environmental situation is still grim: emissions of major pollutants exceed the carrying capacity of the environment, many city air pollution is serious, persistent organic pollutants harmful to start to appear, soil pollution area expands, coastal pollution, nuclear radiation environment and hidden safety problems. Developed countries over a hundred years industrialized process appeared in environmental problem, in our country in recent 20 years is concentrated. The next 15 years, China's population will continue to increase, economic gross will break up two times again, resources, energy consumption growth, environmental protection is facing more and more pressure.
　　我国政府高度重视环境保护问题，明确要求要以解决危害群众健康和影响可持续发展的环境问题为重点，加快建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会。2006年，国务院发布《关于落实科学发展观加强环境保护的决定》，全国人大通过的《国民经济与社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》确定了主要污染物排放总量5年减少 10％的约束性指标。各地各部门认真贯彻落实中央关于新时期环保工作的部署，层层分解减排指标，大力推进污染防治，加强环境监管，严格环境准入，妥善应对突发环境事件，加强环境能力建设，环境保护进入了历史上最好的发展时期。
The Chinese government attaches great importance to environmental protection, specific requirement wants to solve people's health hazards and environmental problems affecting the sustainable development as the focus, accelerate the construction of a resource-saving, environment-friendly society. In 2006, the State Council issued" on the implementation of scientific outlook on development to strengthen environmental protection decision", National People's Congress passed the" national economy and social development Eleventh Five Year Plan" to determine the total discharge of major pollutants by 5 years reduced to 10% of the binding targets. All localities and departments to seriously implement the central on the environmental protection work of new period of deployment, layer decomposition of emission reduction targets, vigorously promote the prevention and control of pollution, strengthen environmental supervision, strict environmental access, and properly deal with unexpected environmental incidents, strengthen the environmental construction, environmental protection has entered the best development period on the history.
　　为了完成“十一五”环保目标，各级环保部门在多方面开展了卓有成效的工作。2006年，全国共出动执法人员167万人次，检查企业72万多家，检查工业园区1900多个、园区企业近3万家，立案2.8万件，查处违法企业4000多家。在受到查处的企业中，有一些是通过ISO14001认证的企业。这说明个别企业并未按照ISO14001环境管理体系标准，遵守国家的环境法律、法规。同时也说明，实施ISO14000标准单靠认证认可机制难以保证认证质量。要有效解决此类问题，必须利用现行的环境保护机构和监督管理渠道加以监督，才能保证环境管理体系认证有可靠的质量，降低环境认证风险。
In order to accomplish" eleven five " environmental objectives, the environmental protection departments at all levels in multiple aspects of a very fruitful work. 2006, countrywide dispatchs in all execute the law personnel 1670000 person-time, check the business more than 72 home, check the industrial park of more than 1900 enterprises in the park, nearly 3 million, of which 28000 cases, investigate and deal with illegal enterprises more than 4000. In be investigated enterprises, some through the ISO14001 certification of enterprises. The description of individual enterprise is not in accordance with the ISO14001 standard of environment management system, compliance with national environmental laws, rules and regulations. Also explain at the same time, the implementation of ISO14000 standards on certification and accreditation mechanism to guarantee the quality of certification. To solve this kind of problem effectively, must make use of the current environmental protection agencies and regulatory channels to supervision, to ensure the environmental management system certification, with reliable quality, reduce the risk of environmental certification.