企业推行ISO14001标准的困难
ISO14001 implementation of enterprise standards of difficulty
　　有效地推行ISO14001标准还必须认真分析国内企业推行ISO14001标准面临的困难。
Effective implementation of ISO14001 standards must also be careful analysis of domestic enterprises in the implementation of ISO14001 standard difficulties.
目前国内企业采用ISO14001标准面临着由于对 ISO14001标准的条文的正确理解与转换，企业 领导和员工的认识与参与不足，咨询咨询机构良莠不齐、缺乏资金、回报率过低、缺乏技术，国内环保意识薄弱等一系列难题，从而导致ISO14001咨询流于形式。
The current domestic enterprises using the standard ISO14001 ISO14001 faces due to the provisions of the standard of correct understanding and translation, business leaders and staff awareness and insufficient participation, consulting agencies uneven, some good and some bad, lack of funds, return rate is too low, lack of technology, domestic environmental awareness is weak and a series of problems, which lead to ISO14001 consultation form.
但就目前而言,企业在采用ISO14001标准过程中遇到的最大难题是采用ISO14001标准的外部经济性问题。
But at present, enterprises in the use of ISO14001 standards is the biggest problem encountered in the process of using the standard ISO14001 external economy problem.
由于外部经济性问题的存在，造成了目前咨询过程的庸俗化，使咨询过程流于形式。
Due to the external economic problems, resulting in the current consultation process on the vulgar, the consultation process to flow at the form.
如果外部经济性问题不能得到有效解决, 采用ISO14001标准不会成为企业的自发行为。
If the external economy problem can not be solved effectively, adopting the ISO14001 standard will not become enterprise's spontaneous behavior.
　　采用ISO14001标准的外部经济性问题指采用ISO14001标准存在外部利益,导致市场机制失灵。
Using the standard ISO14001 external economy problem refers to using ISO14001 standards exist outside interests, lead to the market failure.
市场机制有一个隐含的前提假设:单个经济个体的经济行为对社会上其他人的福利不产生影响,即不存在外部性。但是对采用ISO14001标准来说,这一假定往往不能成立,因为绿色技术或绿色产品存在外部利益,传统生产过程却存在外在成本,从而导致“看不见的手”失灵。
Market mechanism has an implicit premise hypothesis: a single economic entity economic behavior on social welfare does not affect other people, i.e. there is no external. But for using the ISO14001 standard, this assumption is often not established, because the technology of green or green products exist outside interests, the traditional production process there are external costs, leading to the" invisible hand".
如某企业采用ISO14001标准,实行清洁生产,由此减少了废弃物、污染物,节约了自然资源,带来了外在的社会效益,这一经济活动给该企业所带来的私人利益要小于该活动带来的社会利益,但该企业并不能因此而得到利益补偿。
If an enterprise uses the ISO14001 standard, the implementation of cleaner production, thereby reducing waste, pollution, saving natural resources, brought the external social benefit, the economic activity to the enterprise brought by private interests to be smaller than the activities of the social benefits, but the enterprise and can therefore benefit compensation.
相反,另一企业实施传统生产,大量消耗自然资源,大量排放废弃物、污染物,破坏生态环境,给社会带来了危害,这一经济活动的私人成本小于该活动带来的社会成本,但企业自身并不需要支付外在成本用来抵偿这种损害。
In contrast, the other enterprise implementation of traditional production, large consumption of natural resources, massive discharge of waste, pollution, destruction of the ecological environment, bring the harm to society, the economic activities of the private cost less than the activities bring the social cost, but the enterprise itself does not need to pay for the damage of external cost.
两相对比,前一家企业就不会自发地持续采用ISO14001标准,而后一家企业仍然会无所顾及地持续进行传统生产,决不会采用ISO14001标准。
By contrast, a business will not spontaneously continued using the ISO14001 standard, then the company will still without regard to continue the traditional production, never using the standard ISO14001.
即使企业在企业涉众的压力下被迫采用ISO14001标准，也只想被动的获得咨询，以获得证书为目的，没有与清洁生产的推广相结合，对于企业的运营管理无实质性改善，从而使ISO14001标准的推行流于形式。
Even if the enterprise in the enterprise stakeholders is forced under pressure using the ISO14001 standard, also want to passive access to advice, in order to obtain the certificate for the purpose, no and cleaner production promotion combination, for enterprises operating management without substantial improvement, so that ISO14001 standard carry out a form.
　　采用ISO14001标准的市场外部经济性问题体现了采用ISO14001标准追求生态利益最大化与产业活动追求经济利益最大化之间的矛盾,绿色技术、产品的公共物品性质与私人物品性质之间的矛盾,创新投入的个体化与所创造生态环境价值受益者的大众化之间的矛盾。
Using the standard ISO14001 market externality problem reflected by ISO14001 standard for ecological benefit maximization and industrial activity in the pursuit of economic interests to maximize the contradiction between, green technology, product characteristics of public goods and private goods nature of the contradiction between individual, innovation investment and create ecological environment value of popularization among beneficiaries contradiction.