ISO14000环境管理体系审核认证程序
ISO14000 auditing of environmental management systems certification program
一、环境管理体系审核
One, environmental management system audit
    在ISO14011环境管理体系审核程序的标准中，规定了环境管理体系审核的定义。即"环境管理体系审核是客观地获取审核证据并予以评价，以判断一个组织的环境管理体系是否符合环境管理体系审核准则的一个系统化和文件化的验证过程，包括将这一过程的结果呈报委托方。"环境管理体系审核是判定一个组织的环境管理体系是否符合环境管理体系审核准则、进而决定是否给予该组织认证注册的一个重要步骤。
In the ISO14011 environment management system audit program standard, provides the environmental management system audit definition. " Environmental management system audit is the objective to obtain audit evidence and give an evaluation, to determine an organization's environmental management system conforms to the environmental management system audit criteria in a systematic and documented verification process, including the results of this process to client. " Environmental management system audit is to decide an organization's environmental management system conforms to the environmental management system audit criteria, and then decide whether to give the organization registration is an important step.
    所以环境管理体系审核首先应以客观事实为依据，审核证据必须真实可靠；其次审核工作要遵循严格的程序，审核内容应应覆盖环境管理体系标准的十七个要素；最后审核中各个步骤的工作内容都需形成文件，以保持可追塑性。例如，文件审核要有审核报告、现场审核要有检查清单、现场审核要做详细的记录等。
So the environmental management system audit should be based on objective facts, audit evidence to be reliable; secondly the audit work should strictly follow the procedures, content of audit shall cover environmental management system standard of seventeen elements; the last audit in various steps of the job content is to be documented, in order to maintain the recoverable plastic. For example, a documentation audit to audit reports, audit to check list, on-site audit to do detailed records.
    二、实施环境管理体系审核的程序和要求
Two, the implementation of environmental management system audit procedures and requirements
    根据ISO14011标准，环境管理体系审核的实施可分成四个阶段：
According to the ISO14011 standard, environmental management system audit implementation can be divided into four stages:
    启动审核阶段：在接受委托方的审核申请后，如认证机构确认受审核方符合实施审核的基本条件，即可安排人员去受审核方进行初访，以了解受审核方的规模、性质、特点及环境状况等基本情况，并共同确定审核范围，进而双方签订审核合同。启动审核阶段的主要工作是文件预审。包括对环境管理手册、程序文件以及必要的环境背景资料文件的审核。
Start audit phases: in the entrusted party shall examine the application, such as attestation orgnaization affirms the auditee conforms to the audit of the basic conditions, can be arranged to the auditee to visit, to understand the auditee size, nature, characteristics and environmental situation, and jointly determine the scope of the audit, then the two sides signed audit contract. Start audit stage is the main document examination. Including the environmental management manual, procedure documents and necessary environment background data documents audit.
    审核准备阶段：主要工作内容是在认证机构内部完成的。其中包括制定审核计划，组成审核组并对审核组成员的工作进行分工，编制现场审核用的工作文件等。这里面工作量最大的是编制现场检查清单，审核人员要在仔细阅读受审核方的环境管理手册及程序文件的基础上，列出现场审核中对各部门的检查内容。
Audit preparation phase: the main content of the work is performed inside in the certification body. These include the development of the audit plan, an audit group and members of the audit team work division, plan site audit work file. It is the largest compilation of workload scene checklist, audit staff to read carefully the auditee 's environmental management manual and procedure documents based on the on-site audit, list of departments of the examination content.
    实施现场审核阶段：根据ISO14011标准在这一阶段的工作程序又可分为四部分。
Implement the audit stage: according to ISO14011 standards at this stage of the program of work can be divided into four parts.
    （1）首次会议：审核组长要向受审核方的管理层人员介绍审核组成员，要共同确认审核范围、审核准则和审核进度等。
( 1) the first meeting: the leader of the audit team to the auditee management staff members of the audit team, to review the scope, audit standards and audit schedule.
    （2）收集审核证据：审核组成员需到企业的各有关部门和生产现场去，通过交谈、现场观察和查阅文件、记录等方式收集审核证据以便判定受审核方的环境管理体系是否符合审核准则。现场审核原则上采用抽样方式进行，但为了保证审核工作的质量，审核组在现场审核中至少应包括以下内容：
( 2): collecting audit evidence audit team members need to enterprise's each department concerned and the production site, through conversation, spot observation and consulting documents, records and other means of collecting audit evidence to determine whether the auditee 's environmental management system is in accordance with the audit criteria. On site audit with the principle of sampling manner, but in order to ensure the audit quality, audit group during the on-site audit should at least include the following: