汽车行业体系认证最佳组合：ISO14001+ISO/TS16949
The automotive industry certification system the best combination of: ISO14001+ISO / TS16949

在汽车制造业中，iso 14001 (环境管理体系标准，EMS) 与iso/TS 16949 (汽车供应链品质标准，QMS) 已渐渐成为供货商需要符合的两大主要标准，不少汽车制造商及主要的第一线供货商，如福特、戴姆勒克莱斯勒和Visteon， 均已将环境管理体系要求加进他们的客户特定要求之中。
In the automobile manufacturing industry, ISO 14001 ( environmental management system standard, EMS ) and ISO / TS 16949 ( automotive supply chain quality standard, QMS ) has gradually become the supplier needs to conform to the two main criteria, many automobile manufacturers and the main first-line suppliers, such as Ford, Chrysler and Visteon, have the environment management system requirements to their specific customer requirements.
究竟这两套标准有没有重叠的地方呢？如有的话，又是否可以将他们共通的部分组合为一个体系，而不是分别推行两个独立的体系去处理环境管理和品质管理呢？
What these two sets of standards there is no overlap? If so, whether they can be combined into a common part of the system, rather than separately carried out two independent system to deal with environmental management and quality management?
其实，只要通过策略性的规划和协调，加上适当的组织架构，机构是可以把品质管理体系和环境管理体系组合，从而提升资源利用效率。本文会就iso 14001:2004和iso/TS 16949:2002的主要共通处进行分析，同时找到推行综合管理体系的机会。
In fact, as long as through strategic planning and coordination, coupled with appropriate organizational structure, mechanism is the quality management system and environmental management system combination, so as to enhance the efficiency of resources utilization. This article will ISO 14001 : 2004 and ISO / TS 16949 : 2002 major similarities were analyzed, at the same time to find the implementation of the integrated management system for chance.
共通处
In common
到底在什么地方可以找到综合管理体系的机会？其实几乎在所有的重要条文中都能找到两个体系标准的共通处。这里通过比较iso 14001:2004和TS 16949:2002的相关条文，例举了主要的可组合领域。
Where can find the integrated management system of chance? In fact, in almost all of the important articles can be found in the two system standard in common. Here, by comparison with ISO 14001 : 2004 and TS 16949: 2002 related article, examples of major combined field.
文件管理 TS 16949的4.2.3条和iso 14001的4.4.4.c条
File management TS 16949 4.2.3 and ISO 14001 4.4.4.c
两套标准均要求要有体系来管理所有用来阐明政策、程序和方法的文件，而 TS 的要求已完全将iso 14001的要求包含在内，即在TS的体系内推行iso 14001文件管理，也会符合iso 14001的要求。
Two sets of standards are required to have a system to manage all used to elucidate the policies, procedures and methods of the document, and TS requirements have been completely the requirements of the ISO 14001 included, in the TS system implemented in the ISO 14001 file management, also can meet the requirements of ISO 14001.
唯一要注意的地方，是核准这两套文件的负责人或许会不相同，但两套标准都允许机构自行决定核准人。对核准质量管理体统和环境管理体系文件并不要求一定是同一个人。
The only places that should pay attention to the two set of files, is approved by the responsible person may not be the same, but the two sets of standards allow institutions to decides to approve the person. The approved quality management system and environmental management system documentation does not have to be the same person.
记录管理 TS 16949的4.2.4.1条和iso 14001的4.5.4条
Records management in TS 16949 4.2.4.1 and ISO 14001 4.5.4
两套标准都要求将记录标识和保存。虽然两套体系的记录显然会不同，但却可共享一套方法和程序去阐明如何推行记录管理。
Two sets of criteria are required to record identification and preservation. Although the two sets of system records will obviously different, but which share a set of methods and procedures to elucidate how to implement records management.
信息传递
Information transfer
TS 16949的5.1 及 5.5.3条和iso 14001的4.4.3条
TS 16949 5.1 and 5.5.3 and ISO 14001 4.4.3
两者也强调将客户要求、法规要求、品质政策和环境政策在内部和外部进行有效的沟通。其实只要通过协调，便可利用相同的渠道或媒体，将环境及品质管理体系的信息传送出去。现实情况是，对普通的公司来讲，可用的沟通渠道就只有有限的几种。很多公司试着通过管理评审、创办公司刊物、小组会议等方式来贯彻标准中对信息传递的要求。但经常会出现一种无序状态，如明明一份刊物已经足够传递信息，还会有第二份刊物的出台。
Both also stressed that the customer requirements, regulations, quality policy and environmental policy in the inside and outside to communicate effectively. In fact, as long as through coordination, can use the same channel or media, environment and quality management system of the information transmitted. The reality is, to the ordinary companies, an available communication channel is only a limited number of. Many companies try to by management review, founded the company publications, group meetings and other ways to carry out the standard to the information transmission request. But often there will be a state of disorder, such as when a publication is enough to convey information, there will be second publications issued.
目的、目标、方案、监察及测量
Purpose, goal, plan, monitor and measurement
TS 16949的5.1.1 、 5.4.1条和iso 14001的4.4.3及 4.5.1条
TS 16949 5.1.1, 5.4.1 and ISO 14001 4.4.3 and 4.5.1
监控及测量品质管理体系和环境管理体系运作绩效的指标虽有分别，但也可共享一套体系及流程将绩效信息向最高管理层和其它有关人士或组织汇报。
Monitoring and measurement of the quality management system and environmental management system operation performance indicators are respectively, but also can share a set of system and process performance information to top management and other relevant persons or organizations.
规划 TS 16949的5.4.2条和iso 14001的4.3条
Planning TS 16949 5.4.2 and ISO 14001 4.3
品质管理体系和环境管理体系的目的，都是将会对机构造成影响的挑战识别出来；同时妥善处理任何体系上的变动，使另一体系不致受影响。如设立综合管理体系，评估及推行变动时便可同时考虑到对品质管理体系和环境管理体系的潜在影响。
Quality management system and environmental management system purpose, are going on mechanism affecting challenges identified; and properly handle any system changes, make another system from the affected. Such as the establishment of integrated management system, evaluation and implementation of changes will be taking into account of the quality management system and environmental management system the potential impact.
管理评审 TS 16949的5.6.1条和iso 14001的4.6条
Management review TS 16949 5.6.1 and ISO 14001 4.6
两套标准都确定了介定管理评审流程输入及输出的资料的必要性。虽然输入及输出的资料会有不同，但方法却基本上没有分别。此外，若把两个独立的管理评审组合为一，而评审报告也包含对品质管理体系和环境管理体系的成效评估，便可协助企业同时符合营运目的和客户的要求。
Two sets of criteria are identified a set of management review process input and output data of the necessity. Although the input and output data will be different, but the method is basically no difference. In addition, if the two is a combination of independent management review, and review reports also contained on the quality management system and environmental management system effectiveness evaluation, they can help an enterprise at the same time meet the operational objectives and customer requirements.
能力、培训及意识
Competence, training and awareness
TS 16949的6.2.2条和iso 14001的4.4.2条
TS 16949 6.2.2 and ISO 14001 4.4.2
两套标准都提出了对员工能力的要求，都希望有受过培训的人员来胜任各自的工作要求。尽管两套标准的条款文字表述有所不同，但定义资格认定和胜任要求、确保能力、评估有效性和持续培训等方面所采用的方法，实质都是相同的。
Two sets of criteria are proposed to staff capacity requirements, all hope to have trained personnel to do their job requirements. Although the two sets of standard clause text representations differ, but the definition of qualification and competence requirements, to ensure the capacity, to assess the effectiveness and continuous training and other aspects of the method used, the essence is the same.
内部审核 TS 16949的8.2.2条和iso 14001的4.5.5条
Internal audit TS 16949 8.2.2 and ISO 14001 4.5.5
对两套体系用同样的内部审核体系进行审核是组合体系中最省时有效的领域之一。
On two sets of systems with the same internal audit system audit is the combination of system in the most time efficient area of.
虽然内部审核员的要求资格有分别，但内部审核的目的却相同，所以只要在流程中找出TS 和iso 14001的共通要求，便可共享一个内部审核体系，也只需执行一次内部审核，便能同时符合两套标准的要求，主要可从如下几大问题着手：
Although the internal auditors qualifications are respectively, but the internal audit objective is the same, so as long as the process to find TS and ISO 14001 common requirements, can share an internal auditing system, and only need to perform a internal audit, can also meet the two sets of standards, mainly from the following big problems:
这个过程的目的，目标，对象是什么？实现这些目的应该如何做？
The purpose of this process, the target, what is the object? To accomplish this goal should be how to do?
谁是客户、相关方和政府机构？他们的要求是什么？
Who is the customer, related party and government agencies? Their request is what?
有没有和这个过程相关的环境要素、影响和程序？
There is no and the processes related to environmental factors, influence and procedures?
你在这个过程中的角色、职责是什么？
You are in the process of role, is responsible for what?
如何测量、监控和跟踪这个过程？
How to measure, monitor and track the process?
你曾经接受过哪些培训？你清楚的了解这些要求吗？遇到环境相关的突发事件是怎么处理的？
Have you ever received which training? You know about these requirements? Meet environmental emergencies is how to deal with?
这个过程是否有相关的文件和记录要求？
This process is related to the documents and records required?
建议改进的过程是什么？你是否有参与到这个过程中？
Suggestions for improving the process is what? If you are involved in this process?
方针是什么？为完成方针，做了什么？
Policy is what? For the complete policy, what to do?
是如何汇报或记录产品和环境的不符合项的？
To report or record products and environmental non-compliance?
TS 16949对环境安全方面的相关
TS 16949 on environmental safety for the
要求
Requirement
除了以上可以在两套体系中找到对应的条文进行组合之外，iso/TS 16949:2002的部分条文也涵盖了环境管理体系的要求在内：
In addition to the above two sets in the system can be found in the corresponding provisions of portfolio, ISO / TS 16949: 2002 section also covers the environmental management system requirements:
6.4.1条
6.4.1
组织必须考虑产品安全和员工潜在风险最小化的方法，特别是在设计和开发过程和制造过程的活动中。
The organization must consider the product safety and employee potential risk minimization method, especially in the design and development process and in manufacturing process activities.
7.2.1(C)条
7.2.1 ( C ).
注2和3说明了在循环、考虑环境影响、政府、安全和环境适用于材料的获得、存储、搬运、消除和处理。
Note 2 and 3 shows in circulation, consideration of environmental impacts, the government, safety and environmental suitable materials for the acquisition, storage, handling, and processing of eliminating.
7.3.2.1条
7.3.2.1
考虑在车辆报废等方面的环境问题，组织必须对产品设计输入要求进行识别、形成文件并进行评审。在环境管理体系相关条款中的顾客特殊要求，和iso 14001 4.3.2条的"其他"要求一致，而用"其他"要求评估符合性与iso 14001中的4.5.2条一致。
Considerations in the scrap vehicles and other aspects of environmental problems, organizations must be on product design input requirements to identify, document and review. In the environmental management system in terms of the special requirements of customers, and ISO 14001 4.3.2 of the" other", and "other" asked to assess compliance with ISO 14001 in the 4.5.2 agreement.
7.3.2.2条
7.3.2.2
这一条包含了环境管理在制造过程设计活动需要考虑的方面。
This article contains the environmental management in the manufacturing process design considerations.
7.4.1.1条
7.4.1.1
这一条要求所有采购的产品或材料，均必须满足使用的法规要求，在iso 14001的第4.4.6(C)条有所提及。当与供方存在合并、兼并或从属关系时，组织应该验证供方质量管理体系的延续性和有效性。
This is a requirement for all purchased products or materials used, all must satisfy the regulatory requirements, in the ISO 14001 4.4.6 ( C ) of the mentioned. When the presence of consolidation, merger or affiliations, the organization should verify the continuity of the supplier's quality system and effectiveness.
效率节约成本
Efficiency cost
由此可见，把品质管理体系和环境管理体系组合起来的机会可说是很多；至于能否成功推行，关键却在于组织的管理架构和汇报体系。很多组织认为环境管理体系的功能促使组织实践符合法律、法规的承诺；而品质管理体系则针对客户产品和机构的运作，所以故意让品质管理体系和环境管理体系独立运作。
Therefore, the quality management system and environmental management system in combination with the opportunity to many; as for the success of the key lies in the organization, management and reporting system. Many organizations that environmental management system function to practice in accordance with the law, regulations, organization commitment; and quality management system for customer product and organization operation, so deliberately let the quality management system and environmental management system operate independently.
但退一步看，品质管理体系和环境管理体系却是互有关连、互相影响的，如果将它们组合起来，便可用一个宏观的方法来作决策，所作的决定亦能同时符合不同层面的要求，包括环境管理、品质管理、机构目标和客户要求等.
But take a step back, the quality management system and environmental management system is the mutual connection, mutual influence, if combine them, can use a macro approach to decision making, decision can also meet the different levels of requirements, including environmental management, quality management, institutional objectives and customer requirements and so on.