实验室设计要求

Laboratory design requirements

一、实验室的分类及职责：

One, the classification and functions of laboratory:

    实验室就是分析检验实验室，在学校、工厂、科研院所有其不同的性质。

The laboratory is analysis laboratory, in schools, factories, research institutes have their different nature.

     学校的化验室一类是为学生进行分析化学实验用的教学基地，另一类是为科研服务的亦兼有科研性质的分析化学研究室。

The school laboratory is for the students of chemistry experiment teaching base, the other is for the service of scientific research also has the nature of scientific research in analytical chemistry research room.

     工厂设中央化验室、车间化验室等。车间化验室主要担负生产过程中成品、半成品的控制分析。中央化验室主要担负原料分析、产品质量检验任务，并担负分析方法研究、改进、推广任务及车间化验室所用的标准溶液的配制、标定等工作任务。 本文来至于中国质量认证 

The factory located central laboratory, laboratory, workshop. Workshop laboratories to assume the main production process finished products, semi-finished products control analysis. Central laboratory mainly undertakes the analysis of raw materials, product quality inspection task, and loading analysis method, improvement, promotion and workshop laboratories used in the preparation of standard solution, calibration tasks.

     科研院所的化验室除为科学研究课题担负测试任务外，也进行分析化学的研究工作。

Research institutes laboratory except for the scientific research task loading test task, also for analytical chemistry research.

     二、实验室设计要求：

In two, the laboratory design requirements:

     根据实验任务需要，实验室有贵重的精密仪器和各种化学药品，其中包括易燃及腐蚀性药品。另外，在操作中常产生有害的气体或蒸气。因此，对化验室的房屋结构、环境、室内设施等有其特殊的要求，在筹建新化验室或改建原有化验室时都应考虑。 

According to the experimental task needs, laboratories have expensive precision instruments and a variety of chemicals, including flammable and corrosive chemicals. In addition, in operation often produce harmful gas or vapor. Therefore, the laboratory housing structure, environment, indoor facilities has its special requirement, in planning a new laboratory or alterations in the original laboratory should be considered.

     化验室用房大致分为三类：精密仪器实验室、化学分析实验室、辅助室（办公室、储藏室、钢瓶室等）。

Laboratory room is broadly divided into three categories: precision instrument laboratory, chemical analysis laboratory, the auxiliary chamber ( office, storeroom, the cylinder chamber etc. ).

     化验室要求远离灰尘、烟雾、噪音和震动源的环境中，因此化验室不应建在交通要道、锅炉房、机房及生产车间近旁（车间化验室除外）。为保持良好的气象条件，一般应为南北方向。

Laboratory requirements from dirt, smoke, noise and vibration source in the environment, therefore the laboratory should not be built in traffic thoroughfare, boiler room, computer room and workshop ( with the exception of nearby workshop laboratories ). In order to maintain the good weather conditions, the general should be for the North-South direction.

   １、精密仪器室

1, precise instrument room

     精密仪器室要求具有防火、防震、防电磁干扰、防噪音、防潮、防腐蚀、防尘、防有害气体侵入的功能，室温尽可能保持恒定。为保持一般仪器良好的使用性能，温度应在15～30℃，有条件的最好控制在18-25℃。湿度在60%-70%， a需要恒温的仪器室可装双层门窗及空调装置。

Precision instrument room with fire, earthquake, anti-electromagnetic interference, noise, moisture, corrosion, dust, harmful gas prevention of invasive features, room temperature as possible to maintain a constant. General instrument to maintain good performance, the temperature should be in 15 ~ 30 C, the best conditions of control in 18-25 C. The humidity in the 60%-70%, a needs constant temperature chamber of the apparatus can be installed double doors and windows and air conditioning device.

     仪器室可用水磨石地或防静电地板，不推荐使用地毯，因地毯易积聚灰尘，还会产生静电。博思博大型精密仪器室的供电电压应稳定，一般允许电压波动范围为±10%。必要时要配备附属设备（如稳压电源等）。为保证供电不间断，可采用双电源供电。应设计有专用地线， a接地极电阻小于4Ω。 

Instrument room available terrazzo or anti-static floor, are not recommended for use with carpet, carpet is easy to accumulate dust, will produce static electricity. Bo of large-scale precision instrument and equipment room power supply voltage to be stable, generally allow the voltage fluctuation range of + / - 10%. When necessary to be equipped with ancillary equipment ( such as power supply). In order to ensure power supply uninterruptible, can adopt the double power supply. Design for grounding, grounding resistance less than 4 ohm a.

     气相色谱室及原子吸收分析室因要用到高压钢瓶，最好设在就近室外能建钢瓶室（方向朝北）的位置。放仪器用的实验台与墙距离500mm，以便于操作与维修。室内要有良好的通风。原子吸收仪器上方设局部排气罩。

Gas chromatography and atomic absorption analysis of room to room used in the high pressure cylinder, preferably located nearby outdoor can build a cylinder chamber (in the direction of the position of North). Put the equipment used in experiment table and wall distance 500mm, with convenient operation and repair. Indoor good ventilation. Atomic absorption instrument is arranged above the exhaust hood. 

     微型计算机和微机控制的精密仪器对供电电压和频率有一定要求。为防止电压瞬变、瞬时停电、电压不足等影响仪器工作，可根据需要选用不间断电源（UPS）。

Micro computer and microcomputer control of precision instruments for power supply voltage and frequency is required. In order to prevent transient voltage, instantaneous power interruption, voltage is insufficient effect of apparatus, can choose according to need an uninterruptible power supply ( UPS ).

     在设计专用的仪器分析室的同时，就近配套设计相应的化学处理室。这在保护仪器和加强管理上是非常必要的。

In the design of special instrument analysis lab at the same time, the nearest matching design corresponding chemical treatment chamber. The protection apparatus and strengthen management is very necessary.

    ２、化学分析室

In 2, a chemical analysis room

    在化学分析室中进行样品的化学处理和分析测定，工作中常使用一些小型的电器设备及各种化学试剂，如操作不慎也具有一定的危险性。针对这些使用特点，在化学分析室设计上应注意以下要求： 

In the chemical analysis laboratory in samples of the chemical processing and analysis, in the work often use some small electrical equipment and various chemical reagents, such as careless operation also has certain dangerous sex. According to these characteristics, the chemical analysis room design should pay attention to the following requirements:

   （１）建筑要求化验室的建筑应耐火或用不易燃烧的材料建成，隔断和顶棚也要考虑到防火性能。可采用水磨石地面，窗户要能防尘，室内采光要好。门应向外开，大实验室应设两个出口，以利于发生意外时人员的撤离。

( 1) architecture requires laboratory building refractory or nonflammable material built, partition and the ceiling should also take into account the fireproof performance. The terrazzo floor, window to dust, indoor lighting. Doors should open to the outside, in the laboratory should set up two export, in order to facilitate the accident occurred when the evacuation of personnel.

   （２）供水和排水供水要保证必须的水压、水质和水量以满足仪器设备正常运行的需要。室内总阀门应设在易操作的显著位置。下水道应采用耐酸碱腐蚀的材料，地面应有地漏。 

( 2) water supply and drainage water supply to ensure the quality and quantity of water, must be to meet the equipment normal operation needs. Indoor main valve should be located in a prominent position and easy operation. Sewer should use Naisuanjian corrosion material, the ground should drain.

   （３）通风设施由于化验工作中常常产生有毒或易燃的气体，因此 a化验室要有良好的通风条件，通风设施一般有3种：

( 3) ventilation facilities due to laboratory work often produce toxic or flammable gas, so the a laboratories to have good ventilation, ventilation facilities are generally of 3:

    ①全室通风：采用排气扇或通风竖井，换气次数一般为５次／时。

The whole room ventilation : the use of the exhaust fan or the ventilation shaft, ventilation rate is generally 5 times per hour.

    ②局部排气罩：一般安装在大型仪器发生有害气体部位的上方。在教学实验室中产生有害气体的上方，设置局部排气罩以减少室内空气的污染。

The local exhaust hood: general installation in large instrument position above the harmful gas. In the laboratory the harmful gas generated in the above, local exhaust hood to reduce indoor air pollution. 中国质量认证网 

    ③通风柜：这是实验室常用的一种局部排风设备。内有加热源、水源、照明等装置。可采用防火防爆的金属材料制作通风柜，内涂防腐涂料，通风管道要能耐酸碱气体腐蚀。风机可安装在顶层机房内，并应有减少震动和噪音的装置，排气管应高于屋顶2m以上。一台排风机连接一个通风柜较好，不同房间共用一个风机和通风管道易发生交叉污染。博思博通风柜在室内的正确位置是放在空气流动较小的地方，或采用效果较好的狭缝式通风柜。通风柜台面高度800mm，宽750mm，柜内净高1200-1500mm，操作口高度800mm，柜长1200-1800mm。条缝处风速 0.3-0.5m/s 视窗开启高度为300-500mm。挡板后风道宽度等于缝宽２倍以上。

The ventilation cabinet: This is the common laboratory a local exhaust device. A heating source, water source, lighting device. The fireproof and explosion-proof ventilation cabinet made of metal materials, coated with anticorrosive coating, ventilation pipe to the advantages of acid and alkali corrosive gases. The fan can be mounted on the top room, and should reduce the vibration and noise device, exhaust pipe should be higher than the roof above 2m. An exhaust fan is connected with a fume hood is better, the different rooms share a fan and a ventilation pipe easy cross contamination. Booz Broadcom wind cabinet in the interior of the correct position is placed in the air flow from smaller places, or the better effect of slit type ventilation cabinet. Ventilation cabinet table height 800mm, width 750mm, cabinet height 1200-1500mm, the height of the 800mm operation, long counter 1200-1800mm. Slit the wind speed at the 0.3-0.5m / s windows opening height of 300-500mm. Baffle duct width equal to the width of 2 times above. 

   （４）供气与供电有条件的化验室可安装管道煤气。化验室的电源分照明用电和设备用电。照明最好采用荧光灯。设备用电中，24h 运行的电器如冰箱单独供电，其余电器设备均由总开关控制，烘箱、高温炉等电热设备应有专用插座、开关及熔断器。博思博在室内及走廊上安置应急灯，备夜间突然停电时使用。

( 4) supply and power supply conditions of the laboratory can be installed pipeline gas. Laboratory power supply branch lighting electricity and electrical equipment. The best use of fluorescent lamp lighting. Electrical equipment, the operation of the 24h appliances such as refrigerators powered independently, the remaining electrical equipment by the master control switch, high temperature oven, ovens and other electric equipment should be special socket, switch and fuse. Bo in the interior and corridors placement of emergency lights, making night-time blackout use.

   （５）实验台实验台主要由台面、台下的支架和临时储藏柜组成，为方便操作，台上可设置药品架，台的两端可安装水槽。实验台面一般宽750mm，长根据房间尺寸，可为1500-3000mm，高可为800-850mm。台面常用耐蚀贴面理化板、耐蚀实芯理化板、环氧树脂板或高温陶瓷板等制成。理想的台面应平整、不易碎裂、耐酸碱及溶剂腐蚀，耐热，不易碰碎玻璃器皿等。 中国质量认证网 

( 5) experimental platform bed mainly comprises a table, a bracket and a temporary storage cabinet, convenient operation, table can be arranged on the medicine shelf, platform ends can be mounted flume. The experimental table general 750mm wide, long according to room size, can be as high as 1500-3000mm, 800-850mm. Table of commonly used corrosion resistant veneer physicochemical plate, corrosion resistant solid physiochemical board, epoxy resin board or high-temperature ceramic plate. Ideal surface should be smooth, not easy to break, acid and alkali resistance and solvent corrosion, heat resistance, not easy to broken glass.

    ３、辅助用室

3, auxiliary room

    （１）药品储藏室由于很多化学试剂属于易燃、易爆、有毒或腐蚀性物品，故不要购置过多。储藏室仅用于存放少量近期要用的化学药品，且要符合危险品存放安全要求。要具有防明火、防潮湿、防高温、防日光直射、防雷电的功能。药品储藏室房间应朝北、干燥、通风良好，顶棚应遮阳隔热，门窗应坚固，窗应为高窗，门窗应设遮阳板。门应朝外开。a易燃液体储藏室室温一般不许超过28℃，爆炸品不许超过30℃。少量危险品可用铁板柜或水泥柜分类隔离贮存。室内设排气降温风扇，采用防爆型照明灯具。备有消防器材。可以符合上述条件的半地下室为药品储藏室。 

( 1) the drug storeroom as many chemical reagents are flammable, explosive, toxic or corrosive substances, so do not buy too much. The storage room is only used for storaging few recent use of chemicals, and conform to the storage of dangerous goods safety requirements. To have a fire prevention, moisture proof, anti high temperature, preventing direct sunlight, lightning protection function. Medicine storage room should north, dry, well-ventilated, ceiling should sunshade and heat insulation, windows and doors should be strong, window should be of high windows, doors and windows should be provided with a sun visor. The door should be opened outwards. A flammable liquid storage room temperature is generally not more than 28 DEG C, explosives, not more than 30 DEG C. A small amount of dangerous goods available iron cabinet or cement classification segregated storage cabinet. Interior design of exhaust cooling fan, explosion-proof type lighting lamp. A fire equipment. Can meet the above conditions for semi basement storeroom. 本文来至于中国质量认证 

    （２）钢瓶室易燃或助燃气体钢瓶要求安放在室外的钢瓶室内，钢瓶室要求远离热源、火源及可燃物仓库。钢瓶室要用非燃或难燃材料构造，墙壁用防爆墙，轻质顶盖，门朝外开。要避免阳光照射，并有良好的通风件。钢瓶距明火热源10m 以上，室内设有直立稳固的铁架用于放置钢瓶

( 2) the cylinder chamber combustible or combustion gas cylinders arranged in the cylinder chamber for outdoor, the cylinder chamber for away from heat, fire and combustible material warehouse. The cylinder chamber in a fire or flame retardant materials structure, wall with explosion-proof wall, light cover, door outwards. To avoid sunlight, and have good ventilated pieces. The cylinder from the fire source 10m above, interior is provided with an upright solid iron for cylinder

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