OHSAS18001与ISO14001体系的一体化及其审核
OHSAS18001 and ISO14001 system integration and verification
现在很多企业为了自身发展的需要以及为了适应世界市场竞争的新形势，纷纷开展国际化标准的认证工作。继ISO9000质量管理体系标准之后，近几年ISO14001环境管理体系的认证也日趋普及。2000年以后，随着我国加入WTO进程的加快，以及企业出于对自身职业安全健康管理的需要也开始实施OHASA18001职业安全健康管理体系并寻求第三方认证。
Now a lot of enterprises for their own development needs and in order to adapt to the world in the new situation of market competition, have to carry out international standard certification. Following the ISO9000 quality management system standards, in last few years ISO14001 environmental management system certification has become increasingly popular. After 2000, with China's accession to the WTO to speed up the process, as well as the enterprise out of their own occupation safety health management needs also started the implementation of OHASA18001 occupation safety and health management system and to seek the third party authentication.
　质量管理体系、环境管理体系和职业安全健康管理体系都是现代企业管理的重要组成部分，是我国企业管理与国际接轨的重要内容，是提高企业管理水平的重要手段。所以认真实施上述三种管理体系的认证，对一个现代化的企业来说是非常必要的。但是每一种管理体系的实施和认证对企业来说都是一项艰巨的工作，都需要投入大量的人力、物力。而每种管理体系都只是企业整个管理体系的一个组成部分，存在很多共同性。如果每个体系都是单独建立、单独运行、单独实行认证，势必造成很多重复劳动，耗费大量的资源。倘若能实现体系的一体化，将会节省大量的人力和物力，这时所讲的“一体化”包括体系的建立、实施、运行和体系审核认证全过程的一体化。在上述三个管理体系中，OHSAS18001职业安全健康管理体系和ISO14001环境管理体系有很多共同点，能够比较有效地实现体系的一体化。本文仅就上述二个体系的一体化及其审核问题进行一些探讨。
Quality management system, environmental management system and occupation safety and health management system is an important component of modern enterprise management, enterprises of our country is the important content of the management in line with international standards, improve enterprise management level is an important means of. So earnestly implemented the three management system certification, for a modern enterprise is very necessary. But each kind of management system implementation and certification of enterprise it is a formidable job, need to invest a large amount of manpower, material resources. Each management system is the entire enterprise management system is an integral part of, there are a lot of common. If each system are established separately, separate operation, separate certification, is bound to create a lot of repeated work, waste a lot of resources. If can realize system integration, will save a lot of manpower and material resources, and speak of the " integration" including the system establishment, implementation, operation and system certification audit the entire process of the integration. In the three management system, OHSAS18001 occupation safety and health management system and ISO14001 environmental management systems have a lot in common, can effectively realize system integration. The article only the above two systems integration and audit the problem undertakes a few discuss.
一、ISO14001与OHSAS18001体系的共同性
A, ISO14001 and OHSAS18001 system common
1、两个体系均属于规范化、文件化、系统化的管理体系：ISO14001环境管理体系是国际标准化组织（ISO）在1996年9月发布的认证标准，后经我国有关部门等同转化为我国国家标准。OHSAS18001是英国标准协会（BS1）等12个组织在1999年发布的职业安全健康管理体系规范。也经我国有关部门转化成相应的认证试行标准。两个标准均为规范化的管理体系，由17个管理要素构成，并对各管理要素提出了明确的要求。这些要求绝大部分也是相似的。由于这二个体系从形式到内容均有非常多的共同性，对实现体系的一体化具有很好的基础。
1, two systems are standardized, documented, systematic management system: ISO14001 environmental management system international organization for Standardization ( ISO ) in 1996 September issued certification standards, followed by the related departments of our country is transformed into Chinese national standards. OHSAS18001 is a British Standards Association ( BS1 ) is one of 12 organizations in 1999 released the occupation safety and health management system specification. Also by the related departments of our country are transformed into the corresponding certification standard. Two criteria are standardized management system, composed of 17 management elements, and the element of management put forward to make clear a requirement. Most of these requirements is similar. As a result of these two systems from form to content have very much in common, to realize system integration has very good foundation.
2、两个体系都遵循相同的管理模式：两个体系都共同遵循策划（P）—实施（D）—检查与纠正（C）—评审改进（A）的管理模式，通过PDCA的循环，实现管理体系和绩效的持续改进。
2, two systems follow the same management mode: two system common to both follow the plan ( P ) - ( D ) - the implementation of examination and correction ( C ) - Evaluation and improvement (A ) management mode, through the PDCA loop, realize the management system and performance improvement.