企业实施三标一体化管理体系认证的弊端
Enterprises to implement three standard integrated management system certification defects
　　随着ISO9000认证、ISO14000认证和OHSAS18000认证的迅速发展，企业可能需要多种管理体系的认证，但是，由于QMS、EMS、OHSMS三个体系在管理目的、对象的特点不同，三个标准之间存在着较大的差异，管理体系及其要素的应用因不同的目的和不同相关方而异。QMS针对的是顾客的需要，EMS服务于众多的相关方的需要和社会对环境保护不断发展的需要，OHSMS服务于职业安全卫生条件影响的企业内部员工和外部来访者，三个体系自成系统，各司其职。加上多数的组织负责质量管理、环境保护和安全卫生的一般不是一个部门，因此，多数组织在实施体系时都采用了各自独立的体系，体系之间没有或很少有交叉，这种多体系和大量重复文件的情况导致企业管理效率降低，相同的工作重复，且难以控制和实施。在管理体系的实施和运行中就会存在以下问题：
With the ISO9000 certification, ISO14000 certification and OHSAS18000 certification is developing rapidly, enterprises may require a variety of management system certification, but, as QMS, EMS, OHSMS three system in the management objective, characteristics of the object different, three standard there are great differences between the elements, management system and its application for different purposes and different related parties vary. QMS is aimed at the needs of customers, EMS services in many of the needs of stakeholders and Society for environmental protection of development needs, OHSMS service in the occupation safety and health conditions affect the internal staff and external visitors, three system system, each doing his own job. With most of the organization is responsible for quality management, environmental protection and safety and health in general is not a department, therefore, most organizations in the implementation of system are independent of the system, the system between there is little or no cross, a system and a large number of duplicate files in enterprise management efficiency, the same duplication of work, and is difficult to control and implementation. In the management system implementation and operation will have the following problems:
1)一些组织为了满足不同标准认证的需要，不得不做重复劳动，因此出现了三本手册、三套程序文件、重复内审、重复管理评审的现象，导致管理体系运行效率低下。
1) some organizations in order to meet the different standards for certification of need, to do repeated work, and there are three manual, three set of program files, repeat, repeat the phenomenon of internal auditing management review management system, leading to low running efficiency.
　　2)由于认证审核不统一，企业为了获得三种证书，就得接受三种审核，有时可能是由2-3家认证机构进行的。这不但使企业的审核费、交通费和接待费用增加，而且还要耗去管理人员和员工的时间和精力，资源的浪费，人力、物力、财力的重复投入将大大提高企业申请认证的费用，打击企业进行管理体系认证的积极性，阻碍认证工作的进展。
2) the certification audit is not uniform, the enterprise in order to obtain three certificates, must accept the three audit, sometimes may be composed of 2-3 certification body. This not only makes the enterprise audit fees, transportation fees and reception expenses increased, but also the cost management and staff time and energy, waste of resources, manpower, material resources, financial capacity of the repeat investment will greatly enhance the enterprises to apply for certification costs, against the enterprise management system certification initiative, hinder the certification work progress in.
　　3)依据不同的管理构架建立三个不同的管理体系，形成企业内部相互协调的工作量很大，也会出现质量、环境、安全卫生的管理部门从各自负责的专业范围和管理责任出发，出现争资源、政令不统一、信息不能共享、甚至互相排斥的情况。
3) according to the different management structure to create three different management system, the formation of internal coordination of the workload is very big, also can appear the quality, environment, safety and health management departments from the respective professional scope and management responsibility of, appear for the resources, decrees are unified, information can not be shared, even the mutual exclusion condition.