国际反恐措施CSI与C-TPAT

International anti-terrorism measures of CSI and C-TPAT

911恐怖事件之后，美国政府亟力推动多项反恐措施如「货柜保全计划」（Container Security Initiative, 简称CSI）及「海关贸易伙伴反恐方案」（Customs-Trade partnership Against Terrorism, C-TPAT），对国际物流运筹业者的货物安全管理以及文件e化作业能力都有更严格的要求。2003年2月开始执行的CSI、及24 hours Advanced Manifest Regulation，要求海运业者必须在货物装船24小时之前传送详实的货物数据给美国海关，并经同意后才能装船。

The 911 horror after incident, the United States government earnestly force pushing a number of counter-terrorism measures such as " container security plan" ( Container Security Initiative, referred to as CSI ) and the Customs Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (" Customs-Trade partnership Against Terrorism scheme, C-TPAT ), the international logistics industry security of cargo management and document e operation ability have more stringent requirements. In 2003 February started the implementation of CSI, and 24 hours Advanced Manifest Regulation, requirement of shipping industry must be in the shipment 24 hours before the transfer of goods to the United States Customs data full and accurate, and consent before shipment.

另一方面，C-TPAT「海关贸易伙伴反恐方案」透过美国进口业者，要求物流运筹业者和国外供货商必须从货物出厂、国际物流运输到美国进口业者的供应链全程有关人员、货物、运输设施、仓栈以及文件作业都要符合严密的安全程序管理，以共同确保国际贸易与供应链整体安全之合作机制。

On the other hand, the "C-TPAT customs trade partnership against terrorism programs through American importer, requirements of logistics industry and foreign suppliers must from manufactured goods, international logistics and transportation to the United States of America Import Industry of the whole supply chain related personnel, goods, transport facilities, warehouse and file work must meet strict safety program management, to work together to ensure that international trade and supply chain security cooperation mechanism.

2004年3月已有3，000家以上的公司参与并取得C-TPAT 认证。其中包含百分之77的美国前100大进口业者;已占美国进口总金额的百分之40。同时，有弯*美国的海运公司已有百分之96取得C-TPAT认证(包括阳明海运、长荣海运) ; 另外, 我国的物流运筹业者鸿霖空运、中菲行也已取得C-TPAT 认证。

2004 March has been more than 3000 companies participate in and made C-TPAT certification. Which contains seventy-seven percent of the American top 100 import industry; the United States imports accounted for forty percent of the total amount of. At the same time, the bend * American shipping companies for more than ninety-six percent achieved C-TPAT certification ( including shipping, Evergreen Marine ); in addition, China's logistics industry Hong Lin air, Bank of the Philippine also has achieved C-TPAT certification.

对于参与并取得C-TPAT认证的业者，美国海关降低其进口货物查验比例，以获得缩短货物通关时间的效益如果不能符合这项要求，所承运的进口货物将需接受美国海关严格的查验。因此，可预见有愈来愈多的美国进口业者将要求物流运筹业者必须符合C-TPAT规范或以是否取得C-TPAT 认证作为选择LSP的重要决策条件，值得我国物流运筹业者重视并及早做好准备因应。

To participate and to obtain C-TPAT certification industry, the United States Customs reduce their imported goods inspection proportion, in order to obtain a reduced time spent in customs clearance efficiency if you cannot meet this requirement, the carriage of goods imported from the United States to receive the strict inspection. Therefore, there are more and more the United States imports predictable business will require the logistics industry must conform to the C-TPAT specification or to whether achieve C-TPAT certification as select LSP is important and decision-making conditions, is worth our country logistics industry attention and ready for.

信息科技应用-RFID（Radio Frequency Identification, 无线频率辨识）

Information technology - RFID ( Radio Frequency Identification, radio frequency identification )

Wal-Mart宣布，要求其前100大供货商必须在2005年1月配合在运送货物的栈板（Pallet）以及包装货物的外箱（Case）装置RFID，以更准确有效地掌握货物信息，精准的追踪管理在途货物和仓储中的库存。其它诸如美国国防部、HP、P&G、Gillette以及欧洲的 Metro、Michelin、Benetton、Tesco 等等许多全球大型业者也都已启动在近一、二年内导入RFID的计划。另一方面，国际物流运筹业者也已纷纷进行RFID的应用测试与导入计划，例如美国SST(Smart & Secure TradeLane)计划，正进行测试并积极推动在海运货柜上加装RFID电子封条;国际航空业者进行在航空行李装上RFID标签的测试;国际快递业者如DHL也在测试改用RFID贴标等等。

Wal-Mart announced, its top 100 suppliers must in 2005 January with the cargo pallet ( Pallet ) as well as the packing of goods outside the box ( Case ) device RFID, to more accurately grasp the goods information, accurate tracking management of goods in transit and storage inventory. Other such as the United States Department of defense, HP, P&G, Gillette and the European Metro, Michelin, Benetton, Tesco and so on many major global industry have also been started in the last one or two years of RFID implementation plan. On the other hand, the international logistics industry also have RFID application testing and launch plan, such as the United States SST ( Smart & Secure TradeLane ) program, the test is being conducted and actively promote the maritime container on the installation of RFID electronic seal; international aviation industry to perform in aviation luggage loaded on the RFID tag test; international express the industry such as DHL are testing with RFID labeling and so on.