奶牛养殖GAP认证,GAP对奶牛饲养管理的要求与通则(部分) 发布时间: 2011-10-21 17:07 点击:

奶牛养殖GAP认证,GAP对奶牛饲养管理的要求与通则(部分)
Dairy farming certification GAP, GAP on dairy cattle feeding and management requirements and rules ( part)
     1.犊牛饲养管理
1 calves feeding and management
      犊牛是指从出生到6月龄这一阶段的奶牛。
Calves from birth to age refers to June this phase of dairy cows.
      ① 犊牛管理
Management of calves
      犊牛出生护理:,犊牛出生应立即把口鼻部及被毛粘液擦干净(被毛粘液提倡由产犊母牛添净);在距腹部6-8厘米处剪断脐带,用5%的碘酒进行消毒处理。
Calves born in nursing:, calves born immediately and nasal mucus his coat clean ( hair mucus championed by calving cows add net ); from abdominal 6-8 cm cut the umbilical cord, with 5% iodine for disinfection.
      称重和编号:犊牛初生时称重,并记入奶牛谱系,以后每月称重一次,采用耳标法进行编号。
Weighing and numbers: calves born weighing, and credited to dairy cattle pedigree, weighing a month, the ear number marking method.
      去角:苛性钠的方法适用1-3周龄使用,采用电动去角的方法适用于3-5周龄的犊牛。
Chamfering: caustic soda method applicable to 1-3 week age use, the use of electric chamfering method applies the 3-5 week age of calves.
      切除副乳头:在4~6周龄时剪除。
Resection of the accessory papilla : in 4 to 6 weeks of age cut off.
      饮水充足:在运动场内设水槽,任其自由饮水,水温不低于15℃,冬季应供给30℃左右的温水。
Adequate drinking water : in the arena in a water tank, its free drinking water, the water temperature not lower than 15 DEG C, the winter should be 30 degrees around the warm water supply.
      加强运动:除阴冷天气外,生后10天即可让犊牛在户外自由活动,4-6周后还应适当进行驱赶运动(每日不少于1小时左右),以增进体质。
Exercise: in addition to the cold weather, the 10 day after birth can make calves in outdoor activities, 4-6 weeks should also properly driven movement (daily for less than 1 hours), in order to enhance physical fitness.
      定期消毒 : 要对犊牛采食的用具经常消毒;运动场每月要进行2-3次消毒,消毒药品为1%-2%火碱水。
Regular disinfection: to intake of calf starter gear often disinfection; sports ground month to 2-3 disinfection, disinfection drugs for 1%-2% fire lye.
      要做到“三勤”:勤打扫、勤换垫草、勤观察。
To achieve the " three ground" : wash clean, wash pad for grass, ground observation.
      防止舔癖:出生犊牛最好单栏饲养,每次喂奶完毕应将犊牛口鼻处的残奶擦试干净,这样有利于防止犊牛疾病的发生,对降低脐带炎发生率也都起着重要作用。
Prevent licking addiction: born calves best single bar feeding, feeding each should be completed and calf nose and mouth of the residual milk wiping clean, so conducive to prevent calf disease, to reduce the incidence of umbilical cord inflammation also plays an important role in.
      ② 犊牛饲养
The calf rearing
      喂奶要做到“四定”、“四净”
Feeding to achieve" quality"," four net"
      “四定”是指定时、定量、定温、定人
" Quality" is specified, quantitative, fixed temperature, fixed
      “定时”是指每天必须在固定的时间内喂奶。
"Time" is a must in a fixed period of time.
      “定量”是指0--4天初乳2.7—3.6千克,5—7天全乳 2.7—3.6千克等。
" Quantitative" refers to the 0--4 day colostrum 2.7 - 3.6 kg, 5 - 7 2.7 - 3.6 kg, whole milk.
      “定温”35—38度。
" Constant temperature" 35 - 38.
      “定人”是指每天尽量由固定人员进行饲喂。
" People" refers to the daily fixed personnel as far as possible by feeding.
      “四净”是指“一净”奶要干净;“二净”盛奶的器具要干净;“三净”喂奶环境要干净;“四净”喂奶后犊牛嘴要擦净。
" Four net" refers to "a net" milk to clean;" two net" the milk containing apparatus to clean;" three net" feeding environment should be clean;" four net" after feeding calves to wipe mouth.
       提早补饲料可有效的促进犊牛消化道的发育,从出生后7日龄开始补料当采食料达到1000克时,即可断奶。
Early supplement feed can effectively promote the development of digestive tract in calves, followed from birth to 7 days of age feeding when the mining that reached 1000 grams, can be weaned.
      2.育成牛饲养管理